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1
Bereiche verbaler und nonverbaler Kommunikation im Koreanischen und im Deutschen
O-Rauch, Sang-Yi. - Tönning : Der Andere Verl., 2004
BLLDB
UB Frankfurt Linguistik
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2
Koguryo, the language of Japan's continental relatives : an introduction to the historical-comparative study of the Japanese Koguryoic languages ; with a preliminary description of Archaic northeastern Middle Chinese
Beckwith, Christopher I.. - Boston : Brill, 2004
MPI-SHH Linguistik
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3
A handbook of Korean verbal conjugation
Arguelles, Alexander; Kim, Jongrok. - Springfield : Dunwoody Press, 2004
MPI-SHH Linguistik
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4
Phonologische Entwicklungen im Koreanischen und Deutschen
Kwon, Kyung-Keun. - Frankfurt am Main : Lang, 2004
BLLDB
UB Frankfurt Linguistik
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5
Text, speech and dialogue : 7th international conference ; proceedings
Kopecek, Ivan (Hrsg.); Sojka, Petr (Hrsg.); Pala, Karel (Hrsg.). - Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 2004
BLLDB
UB Frankfurt Linguistik
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6
Language policy in the People's Republic of China : theory and practice since 1949
Min, Yue (Mitarb.); Guo, Longsheng (Mitarb.); Wang, Feng (Mitarb.). - Boston [u.a.] : Kluwer, 2004
BLLDB
UB Frankfurt Linguistik
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7
Text, Speech and Dialogue : 7th International Conference, TSD 2004, Brno, Czech Republic, September 8-11, 2004. Proceedings
Pala, Karel; Kopeček, Ivan; Sojka, Petr. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2004
UB Frankfurt Linguistik
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8
Stop perception in second language phonology : perception of English and Korean stops by Japanese speakers
Yasuta, Takako. - 2004
BASE
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9
Semantikbasierte syntaktische Verbvalenzstruktur und Valenzlexikon zweier typologisch differenter Sprachen: Deutsch - Koreanisch
Kwon, Sanghee. - : Bielefeld University, 2004
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10
NATIVE LANGUAGE AND NON-LINGUISTIC INFLUENCES ON THE PRODUCTION OF ENGLISH VOWELS BY SPEAKERS OF KOREAN: AN ACOUSTIC STUDY
Kim, Ji-Eun. - : University of Texas at Arlington, 2004
Abstract: This study investigates the production of Korean and English front vowels by ninety-one Koreans, based on their arrival age to the U.S., length of residence in the U.S. and degree of motivation. Subjects' Korean and English productions were analyzed by measuring F1, F2 and duration. Additionally, this study observed other phonological and phonetic features, such as the number of front vowel categories, the distance between the highest and lowest front vowels (Korean /i/∼/ɛ/ and English /i/∼/æ/), the distance between the lowest two vowels (Korean /e/∼/ɛ/ and English /ɛ/∼/æ/) and the lengthening effects based on the voicing of the following consonants. For Korean production, acoustic analyses show that in terms of the qualities of /i/, vowel duration and the distance between /i/ and /ɛ/, the production of the subjects who arrived in the U.S. before age 11 or those who have lived in the U.S. for more than 8 years is different from other subjects. Hence, one can infer that if people arrive in an L2 environment at an earlier age or live there for a considerable number of years, some L1 features can be changed. In addition, for the distance between Korean /e/ and /ɛ/, older generations tend to manifest a significantly longer distance, suggesting a language shift in Korean. For English production, all subjects, except for those who arrived in the U.S. before age 11, fail to produce the necessary phonetic distinctions between /i/∼/ɪ/ and /ɛ/∼/æ/, resulting in a reduction of English vowel categories. On the other hand, the qualities of /i/ and /ɛ/, vowel duration and the distance between /i/∼/æ/ improve, but they never reach native-like production, with the exception of people who arrive in the U.S. before age 11. However, the voicing-dependent vowel duration improves and reaches native-like production for some subjects. Furthermore, the Korean (L1) and English (L2) productions are compared, and the nature of phonological and phonetic interference of Korean in English pronunciation are explained. Lastly, this study concludes with pedagogical suggestions that may be useful for English learners and instructors.
Keyword: Acoustic; English as a second language; Korean; Language; Literature and linguistics; Native language; Vowels
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10106/29495
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