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Genomic ancestry of North Africans supports back-to-Africa migrations.
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Henn, Brenna M; Botigué, Laura R; Gravel, Simon; Wang, Wei; Brisbin, Abra; Byrnes, Jake K; Fadhlaoui-Zid, Karima; Zalloua, Pierre A; Moreno-Estrada, Andres; Bertranpetit, Jaume; Bustamante, Carlos D; Comas, David
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In: PLoS genetics, vol 8, iss 1 (2012)
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Abstract:
North African populations are distinct from sub-Saharan Africans based on cultural, linguistic, and phenotypic attributes; however, the time and the extent of genetic divergence between populations north and south of the Sahara remain poorly understood. Here, we interrogate the multilayered history of North Africa by characterizing the effect of hypothesized migrations from the Near East, Europe, and sub-Saharan Africa on current genetic diversity. We present dense, genome-wide SNP genotyping array data (730,000 sites) from seven North African populations, spanning from Egypt to Morocco, and one Spanish population. We identify a gradient of likely autochthonous Maghrebi ancestry that increases from east to west across northern Africa; this ancestry is likely derived from "back-to-Africa" gene flow more than 12,000 years ago (ya), prior to the Holocene. The indigenous North African ancestry is more frequent in populations with historical Berber ethnicity. In most North African populations we also see substantial shared ancestry with the Near East, and to a lesser extent sub-Saharan Africa and Europe. To estimate the time of migration from sub-Saharan populations into North Africa, we implement a maximum likelihood dating method based on the distribution of migrant tracts. In order to first identify migrant tracts, we assign local ancestry to haplotypes using a novel, principal component-based analysis of three ancestral populations. We estimate that a migration of western African origin into Morocco began about 40 generations ago (approximately 1,200 ya); a migration of individuals with Nilotic ancestry into Egypt occurred about 25 generations ago (approximately 750 ya). Our genomic data reveal an extraordinarily complex history of migrations, involving at least five ancestral populations, into North Africa.
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Keyword:
Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African Continental Ancestry Group; Ancient; Clinical Research; Developmental Biology; DNA; Egypt; Emigration and Immigration; Europe; European Continental Ancestry Group; Gene Flow; Gene Pool; Genetic Variation; Genetics; Genomics; Genotype; Haplotypes; History; Human Genome; Humans; Middle East; Mitochondrial; Morocco; Northern; Polymorphism; Population; Population Dynamics; Single Nucleotide
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URL: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9rc843r5
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Ungleichheiten im globalen Kommunikationsfluss: Interventionen zum Uno-Weltgipfel zur Informationsgesellschaft im Kontext Westafrikas
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In: Soziale Ungleichheit, kulturelle Unterschiede: Verhandlungen des 32. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie in München. Teilbd. 1 und 2 ; 4265-4271 ; Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie "Soziale Ungleichheit - kulturelle Unterschiede" ; 32 (2012)
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"Alles Lügen!": multiethnische Forschung im Südwesten von Burkina Faso
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In: Afrika Spectrum ; 39 ; 3 ; 405-426 (2012)
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Ethnographische Notizen zum Thema Verschriftlichung am Beispiel der Wimbum im Grasland Kameruns
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In: 23. Deutscher Soziologentag 1986: Sektions- und Ad-hoc-Gruppen ; 33-36 ; Deutscher Soziologentag "Technik und sozialer Wandel" ; 23 (2012)
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