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Review: Emotional sentence identification in a story Zhang Z., Ge S., Tee K. WASA 2012 (Proceedings of the Workshop at SIGGRAPH Asia, Singapore, Nov 26-27, 2012) 125-130. 2012. Type: Proceedings
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Contemporary solutions to retrieve and publish information in ancient documents using RDF and Islandora
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The Distribution of Non-Obligatory Control and its + Human Interpretation
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Prosodic encoding of declarative, interrogative and imperative sentences in Jaminjung, a language of Australia
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The History of Negation in the Languages of Europe and the Mediterranean. Volume I: Case Studies
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Pisateli o metafizike slavianskikh iazykov: Milosh I Brodskii o pol'skom, russkom I angliiskom
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Bunched /r/ promotes vowel merger to schwar: an ultrasound tongue imaging study of Scottish sociophonetic variation
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Abstract:
For a century, phoneticians have noted a vowel merger in middle-class Scottish English, in the neutralisation of prerhotic checked vowels /ɪ/, /ʌ/, /ɛ/ to a central vowel, e.g. fir, fur, fern [fəɹ], [fəɹ] [fəɹn], or [fɚ], [fɚ], [fɚn]. Working-class speakers often neutralise two of these checked vowels to a low back [ʌ] vowel, fir, fur, both pronounced as [fʌɹ] or as [fʌˤ]. The middle-class merger is often assumed to be an adaptation towards the UK’s socially prestigious R.P. phonological system in which there is a long-standing three-way non-rhotic merger, to [ɜː]. However, we suggest a system-internal cause, that coarticulation with the postvocalic /r/ may play a role in the contemporary Scottish vowel merger. Indeed, strongly rhotic middle-class Scottish speakers have recently been found to produce postvocalic approximant /r/ using a markedly different tongue configuration from working class Scottish speakers, who also tend to derhoticise /r/. We present the results of an ultrasound tongue imaging investigation into the differing coarticulatory effects of bunched and tongue-front raised /r/ variants on preceding vowels. We compare tongue shapes from two static points during rhotic syllable rimes. Phonetically, it appears that the bunched /r/ used by middle-class speakers exerts a stronger global coarticulatory force over preceding vowel tongue configurations than tongue-front raised /r/ does. This also results in a monophthongal rhotic target for what historically had been three distinct checked vowels. Phonologically, our view is that middle class speakers of Scottish English have reduced the V+/r/ sequence to one segment; either a rhoticised vowel /ɚ/ or a syllabic rhotic.
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Keyword:
P Philology. Linguistics; PE English
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URL: http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/78795/
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East End Boys and West End Girls: /s/-Fronting in Southeast England
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Color and texture associations in voice-induced synesthesia
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Pre-aspiration and post-aspiration in Scottish Gaelic stop consonants
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