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1
Ethnic Visibility, Context, and Xenophobia: A European Perspective
Shenasi Azari, Shabnam. - : eScholarship, University of California, 2014
In: Shenasi Azari, Shabnam. (2014). Ethnic Visibility, Context, and Xenophobia: A European Perspective. UCLA: Sociology 0867. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5h2835n1 (2014)
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to answer the following overarching question: how does ethnic diversity among immigrant and native populations impact xenophobia? Many studies answer this question by examining the effects of relative immigrant group size. Instead, I argue that group size increases xenophobia when immigrants are ethnically visible, crossing salient linguistic, religious, or racial boundaries. In three investigations I look at the effects of the following factors on xenophobia: ethnic diversity in the immigrant population, ethnic diversity in the broader society, and being cultural marginal. Analyzing multilevel models using cross–national data from the European Social Survey (ESS), I examine the effects of regional and national contexts of immigrant visibility on xenophobia. I define xenophobia as the perception of immigrant threat. I also test the hypothesis that average xenophobia is higher among individuals living in more ethnically diverse countries. In the second investigation, I reexamine immigrant visibility, this time using Swiss ESS data to compare across municipalities. I also consider the effects of living adjacent to rather than in an immigrant–rich community. In a final investigation, I again analyze cross–national ESS data to determine the effects of being different from the cultural majority on xenophobia. I find that xenophobia is higher among individuals living in more religiously diverse countries. Also, for those living in communities with few to no immigrants, the presence of immigrants in surrounding areas amplifies xenophobia. Comparing across countries and regions within those countries, I find that the size of the ethnically visible population does not affect xenophobia. However, immigrant visibility does increase xenophobia in the Swiss context. All other things equal, cultural minority and majority members do not appear to differ in their levels of xenophobia. However, individuals who perceive marginality tend to be more xenophobic than those who do not. The interesting exception is religious minority members, who are least xenophobic, but only when they perceive marginality. The findings cast doubt on the size argument of group threat theory, which predicts that xenophobia is higher where there are more immigrants. Even when measured in terms of the most ethnically visible and potentially most culturally threatening, immigrant group size does not explain cross–national differences in individual xenophobia. It seems to explain attitudes in some national contexts, but not others. Group size may only evoke perceptions of immigrant threat under certain necessary conditions as an interaction effect. Living adjacent to immigrant–rich communities amplifies xenophobia, but in a way that is partly attributable to contact. Counter to the predictions of cultural marginality theory, being culturally different does not universally lead one to espouse more tolerant views toward immigrants. The religious exception may stem from increased contact with immigrants, rather than simply the increased sympathy for other marginalized peoples implied by cultural marginality theory.
Keyword: Europe; group size; immigration; multilevel modeling; Sociology; Switzerland; xenophobia
URL: http://n2t.net/ark:/13030/m58d19nm
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5h2835n1
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2
Ethnic Visibility, Context, and Xenophobia: A European Perspective
Shenasi Azari, Shabnam. - : eScholarship, University of California, 2014
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3
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАГІСТРА З АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ В УНІВЕРСИТЕТАХ ШВЕЙЦАРСЬКОЇ КОНФЕДЕРАЦІЇ ; MAIN FEATURES OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE COURSE FOR THE MASTER’S DEGREE AT UNIVERSITIES OF SWITZERLAND
In: Вісник Національного авіаційного університету. Серія: Педагогіка, Психологія; № 5 (2014); 62 ; Вестник Национального авиационного университета. Серия: Педагогика, Психология; № 5 (2014); 62 ; Proceedings of the National Aviation University. Series: Pedagogy, Psychology; № 5 (2014); 62 (2014)
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4
Sprache professionell fördern. Kompetent, vernetzt, innovativ ...
null. - : Schulz-Kirchner Verlag, 2014
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Förderung von Sprach(lern)bewusstheit und Sprach(lern)kompetenz durch germanische Interkomprehensionsansätze ...
Oleschko, Sven; Olfert, Helena. - : Lang, 2014
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6
Cultures régionales des filiales dans l’entreprise multinationale et capacités d’influence liées à la langue : une étude de cas
Davoine, Eric; Schröter, Oliver Christian; Stern, Julien. - : HEC Montréal, 2014. : Université Paris Dauphine, 2014. : Érudit, 2014
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7
Förderung von Sprach(lern)bewusstheit und Sprach(lern)kompetenz durch germanische Interkomprehensionsansätze
In: Morys, Nancy [Hrsg.]; Kirsch, Claudine [Hrsg.]; de Saint-Georges, Ingrid [Hrsg.]; Gretsch, Gérard [Hrsg.]: Lernen und Lehren in multilingualen Kontexten. Zum Umgang mit sprachlich-kultureller Diversität im Klassenraum. Frankfurt, M. : Lang 2014, S. 31-45. - (Sprache, Mehrsprachigkeit und sozialer Wandel. Language. Multilinguism and Social Change. Langue, multilinguisme et changement social; 22) (2014)
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8
Sprache professionell fördern. Kompetent, vernetzt, innovativ
Sallat, Stephan Hrsg.; Spreer, Markus Hrsg.; Glück, Christian W. Hrsg.. - : Schulz-Kirchner Verlag, 2014. : Idstein, 2014. : pedocs-Dokumentenserver/DIPF, 2014
In: Idstein : Schulz-Kirchner Verlag 2014, 536 S. - (Sprachheilpädagogik aktuell. Beiträge für Schule, Kindergarten, therapeutische Praxis; 1) (2014)
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9
Curriculum Alignment between the IB DP and National Systems: Switzerland
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10
"You must eat the salad because it is nutritious". Argumentative strategies adopted by parents and children in food-related discussions at mealtimes
Bova, Antonio (orcid:0000-0002-6371-0371); Arcidiacono, Francesco. - : ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2014
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11
Teachers' remarks about their salaries in 1800 in the Helvetic Republic
In: Paedagogica Historica, pp. 1-16 (2014)
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12
Wenn individuelle Zweisprachigkeit kollektive Sprachkonflikte löst Sprachgrenze und Identitätsdiskurse in Fribourg/Freiburg (CH) : die Sicht junger bilingualer Erwachsener
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