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Language Outcomes at 7 Years: Early Predictors and Co-Occurring Difficulties
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McKean, Cristina; Reilly, Sheena; Bavin, Edith L.; Bretherton, Lesley; Cini, Eileen; Conway, Laura; Cook, Fallon; Eadie, Patricia; Prior, Margot; Wake, Melissa; Mensah, Fiona. - : American Academy of Pediatrics, 2017
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Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: To examine at 7 years the language abilities of children, the salience of early life factors and language scores as predictors of language outcome, and co-occurring difficulties METHODS: A longitudinal cohort study of 1910 infants recruited at age 8 to 10 months. Exposures included early life factors (sex, prematurity, birth weight/order, twin birth, socioeconomic status, non–English speaking background,family history of speech/language difficulties); maternal factors (mental health, vocabulary, education, and age); and child language ability at 2 and 4 years. Outcomes were 7-year standardized receptive or expressive language scores (low language: ≥1.25 SD below the mean), and co-occurring difficulties (autism, literacy, social, emotional, and behavioral adjustment, and health-related quality of life). RESULTS: Almost 19% of children (22/1204;18.9%) met criteria for low language at 7 years. Early life factors explained 9-13% of variation in language scores, increasing to 39-58% when child language scores at ages 2 and 4 were included. Early life factors moderately discriminated between children with and without low language (area under the curve: 0.68–0.72), strengthening to good discrimination with language scores at ages 2 and 4 (area under the curve: 0.85–0.94). Low language at age 7 was associated with concurrent difficulties in literacy, social-emotional and behavioral difficulties, and limitations in school and psychosocial functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Child language ability at 4 years more accurately predicted low language at 7 than a range of early child, family, and environmental factors. Low language at 7 years was associated with a higher prevalence of co-occurring difficulties. ; No Full Text
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Keyword:
Applied Linguistics and Educational Linguistics
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URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10072/339618
https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1684
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Language education policy among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
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Language education policy and practice in East and Southeast Asia
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The Languages of Higher Education in East and Southeast Asia: Will EMI Lead to Englishisation?
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Direct teaching of vocabulary after listening: is it worth the effort and what method is best?
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Elaborative feedback to enhance online second language reading comprehension
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Bown, A. - : Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2017
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