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The Distribution of Advanced Tongue Root Harmony and Interior Vowels in the Macro-Sudan Belt
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In: Rolle, Nicholas; Faytak, Matthew; & Lionnet, Florian. (2017). The Distribution of Advanced Tongue Root Harmony and Interior Vowels in the Macro-Sudan Belt. UC Berkeley Phonology Lab Annual Reports, 13(1). Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/92w5f6m4 (2017)
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Abstract:
In this paper we investigate the distribution of vowel systems in the Macro-Sudan Belt, an area of Western and Central Africa proposed in recent areal work (Güldemann 2008, 2011; Clements & Rialland 2008). We report on a survey of 615 language varieties with entries coded for two phonological features: advanced tongue root (ATR) harmony and the presence of interior vowels (i.e. non-peripheral vowels, such as [ɨ ɯ ɜ ə ʌ …]). Our results show that the presence of ATR harmony in the Macro-Sudan Belt is limited to three separated zones: an Atlantic ATR Zone, a West African ATR Zone, and an East African ATR Zone, all geographically unconnected to one another. We additionally show that between the West and East African ATR Zones is a geographically extensive, genetically heterogeneous region of Central Africa where ATR harmony is systematically absent which we term the Central African ATR-less Zone. Our results also show a large region where phonemic and allophonic interior vowels are disproportionately prevalent, which we term the Central African Interior Vowel Zone. This zone noticeably overlaps with the Central African ATR-less Zone, suggesting that ATR and interiority have an antagonistic relationship. Chi-squared tests support the presence of a strong relationship between the two types of vowel contrasts.
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Keyword:
advanced tongue toot harmony; areal linguistics; Central Africa; interior vowels; phonological database; typology; West Africa
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URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/92w5f6m4
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| 2 |
Postcolonial literature and world Englishes : a corpus-based approach of modes of representation of the non-standard in writing [Online resource]
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In: International journal of literary linguistics : IJLL 6 (2017) 1, Art. 3, 1-24
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| 3 |
Busy Intersections: A Framework for Revitalization
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In: Applied Linguistics Faculty Publications and Presentations (2017)
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To Heal and to Harm: Medicine, Knowledge, and Power in the Atlantic Slave Trade
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| 5 |
Toponyms: Neglected wallflower or pot of plenty
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In: Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America; Vol 2 (2017): Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America; 43:1–8 ; 2473-8689 (2017)
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