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21
Transforming Knowledge: The Effects of Scaffolded Instruction in the Toulmin Model of Argument on the Problem-Solving Strategies of Four Sixth-Grade Writers
Abstract: The purpose of this case study was to examine the effects of scaffolded instruction in the Toulmin Model of Argument on the problem solving strategies used by four sixth-grade writers while composing argumentative essays. Three major components of the Toulmin Model that were presented to participants were claims, data, and warrants. Participants for the proposed study were four sixth-grade students, two of whom were identified as "high ability" (one male and one female) and two of whom were identified as "average ability" (one male and one female). Results of the study were derived primarily from the analysis of intervention protocols and essays produced by participants. After completing a survey about their experiences with argument/persuasion, participating in a practice think aloud, and composing a pretest argumentative essay while providing a think aloud guided by the intervention protocol, participants received a total of six units of scaffolded instruction in the Toulmin Model over a period of four weeks. At the end of the instructional period, participants composed an "independent" argumentative essay under normal (non-protocol) conditions. For the posttest, participants provided a second think aloud guided by the intervention protocol while composing an argumentative essay. Pre-test, independent, and posttest prompts asked participants to formulate and support a claim about a proposed change to a school policy and were identical in form, audience, and task demands. As a result of the intervention instruction in the Toulmin model and the scaffolds I was able to construct through the intervention protocols, participants were able to move beyond knowledge telling to engage in knowledge transforming, moving back and forth between problem spaces of content and rhetoric, and thus more effectively handling the audience-related task demands of warranting claims and providing convincing supporting data - aspects of argumentative writing that existing research suggests pose the greatest difficulties for secondary students. I had hypothesized that the intervention instruction in the Toulmin model would also enable participants to more effectively handle the argumentative writing task demand of anticipating and responding to opposition, but this hypothesis was not supported by the study data.
Keyword: argumentative writing; case study; Education; middle school; problem solving; Toulmin model; zone of proximal development
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1903/16278
https://doi.org/10.13016/M2TW4K
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22
INCLUSION AS A REFORM: HOW SECONDARY GENERAL EDUCATORS MAKE SENSE OF AND ENACT THEIR ROLES AS TEACHERS OF STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES
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23
A Case Study on A Cross-Context Asynchronous Online Writing Tutorial: The Mediated Learning Process for U.S.-Based Tutors and L2 Writers in Taiwan
Chen, Pei-Jie. - 2014
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24
Intertextuality, Identity Works, and Second Language Literacy Development in the Digital Media: An Ethnographic Case Study of Two Indonesian College Students' Literacy Practice on Twitter
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25
Exploring what stabilizes teachers' attention and responsiveness to the substance of students' scientific thinking in the classroom
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26
Approaches sto Proof in Geometry Textbooks: Comparing Texts from the 1980s and 2000s
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27
CHANNELING THE CURRENT: THE LIVED EXPERIENCE OF MOVING MEDITATION FOR FINDNG A FLOW IN THINKING AND WRITING
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28
PRACTITIONER-RESEACH AS DISSERTATION: EXPLORING THE CONTINUITIES BETWEEN PRACTICE AND RESEARCH IN A COMMUNITY COLLEGE ESL CLASSROOM
Jain, Rashi. - 2013
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29
Examining the Effects of Students' Classroom Expectations on Undergraduate Biology Course Reform
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30
Exploring the variability in how educators attend to science classroom interactions
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31
Equity in Spanish/English Dual Language Education: Practitioners' Perspectives
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32
Revisiting the silence of Asian immigrant students: The negotiation of Korean immigrant students' identities in science classrooms
Ryu, Minjung. - 2012
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33
PROSPECTIVE ELEMENTARY TEACHERS' LEARNING TO EDUCATE ENGLISH LEARNERS IN A TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAM: A CASE STUDY
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34
Double Jeopardy: An Analysis of the Reading Data of 8th Grade English Language Learners in Special Education
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35
HOW ADOLESCENT SECOND LANGUAGE WRITERS DEVELOP WRITING COMPETENCE THROUGH MULTIMODAL ACTIVITIES
Adawu, Anthony. - 2012
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36
A Quest to Prepare All English Language Teachers for Diverse Teaching Settings: If Not Us, Who? If Not Now, When?
Selvi, Ali Fuad. - 2012
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37
THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TEACHER VARIABLES AND OUTCOMES FOR LANGUAGE MINORITY LEARNERS IN GRADES 3-5 ON MEASURES OF VOCABULARY KNOWLEDGE AND READING COMPREHENSION
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38
PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICES IN THE TEACHING OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN SECONDARY PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN PARKER COUNTY
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39
SURVIVING AND THRIVING: A NARRATIVE INQUIRY INTO THE LIVES OF FIVE FILIPINA TEACHERS IN A U.S. URBAN SCHOOL DISTRICT
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40
A Comparison of Two Strategies for Teaching Third Graders to Summarize Information Texts
Dromsky, Ann. - 2011
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