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161
Self-reported use and perception of the L1 and L2 among maximally proficient bi- and multilinguals: a quantitative and qualitative investigation
Dewaele, Jean-Marc. - : De Gruyter, 2011
Abstract: This study investigates language preferences and perceptions in the use of the native language (L1) and second language (L2) by 386 bi- and multilingual adults. Participants declared that they were maximally proficient in L1 and L2 and used both constantly. A quantitative analysis revealed that despite their maximal proficiency in the L1 and L2, participants preferred to use the L1 for communicating feelings or anger, swearing, addressing their children, performing mental calculations, and using inner speech. They also perceived their L1 to be emotionally stronger than their L2 and reported lower levels of communicative anxiety in their L1. An analysis of interview data from 20 participants confirmed these findings while adding nuance. Indeed, differences in the use of the L1 and L2 and perceptions of both are often subtle and context-specific. Participants confirmed the finding that the L1 is usually felt to be more powerful than the L2, but this did not automatically translate into a preference for the L1. Longer stretches of time in the L2 culture are linked to a gradual shift in linguistic practices and perceptions. Participants reported that their multilingualism and multiculturalism gave them a sense of empowerment and a feeling of freedom.
Keyword: Applied Linguistics and Communication (to 2020)
URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/IJSL.2011.011
https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/5104/
https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/5104/1/5104.pdf
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162
‘Christ fucking shit merde!’ Language preferences for swearing among maximally proficient multilinguals
Dewaele, Jean-Marc. - : Equinox Publishing, 2010
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163
The perception of French by native speakers and advanced L2, L3 and L4 learners
Dewaele, Jean-Marc. - : Peter Lang, 2010
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164
Emotions in multiple languages
Dewaele, Jean-Marc. - : Palgrave Macmillan, 2010
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165
Multilingualism and affordances: variation in self-perceived communicative competence and communicative anxiety in French L1, L2, L3 and L4
Dewaele, Jean-Marc. - : De Gruyter, 2010
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166
The use of web questionnaires in second language acquisition and bilingualism research
Wilson, R.; Dewaele, Jean-Marc. - : Sage Publications, 2010
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167
Individual differences in second language acquisition
Dewaele, Jean-Marc. - : Emerald Insight, 2009
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168
The development of psycholinguistic research on crosslinguistic influence
de Angelis, G.; Dewaele, Jean-Marc. - : John Benjamins, 2009
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169
The effect of multilingualism/multiculturalism on personality: no gain without pain for third culture kids?
van Oudenhoven, P.; Dewaele, Jean-Marc. - : Taylor & Francis, 2009
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170
The effect of age of acquisition on self-perceived proficiency and language choice among adult multilinguals
Dewaele, Jean-Marc. - : John Benjamins, 2009
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171
The cognitive perspective: the age factor
Dewaele, Jean-Marc. - : De Gruyter, 2009
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172
Age effects on self-perceived communicative competence and language choice among adult multilinguals
Dewaele, Jean-Marc. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009
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173
Motivation, attitude and perception
Dewaele, Jean-Marc. - : Continuum Press, 2009
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174
Perception, attitude and motivation
Dewaele, Jean-Marc. - : Continuum, 2009
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175
Why do some young learners drop foreign languages? a focus on learner-internal variables
Dewaele, Jean-Marc; Thirtle, H.. - : Taylor and Francis, 2009
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176
The cognitive perspective: age effects and/or critical periods?
Dewaele, Jean-Marc. - : De Gruyter, 2009
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177
The development of apologies in the Japanese L2 of adult English native speakers
Beckwith, S.; Dewaele, Jean-Marc. - : Birkbeck Studies in Applied Linguistics, 2008
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178
Dynamic emotion concepts of L2 learners and L2 users: a second language acquisition perspective
Dewaele, Jean-Marc. - : Cambridge Journals, 2008
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179
“Appropriateness” in foreign language acquisition and use: some theoretical, methodological and ethical considerations
Dewaele, Jean-Marc. - : De Gruyter, 2008
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180
The effects of trait emotional intelligence and sociobiographical variables on communicative anxiety and foreign language anxiety among adult multilinguals: A review and empirical investigation
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