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1	Huh? What? - A first survey in 21 languages
	Enfield, Nick J.; Dingemanse, Mark; Baranova, Julija...
	In: Conversational repair and human understanding (2013), 343-380
	IDS Bibliografie zur Gesprächsforschung
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2	Huh? What? - a first survey in twenty-one languages
	Dirksmeyer, Tyko; Kendrick, Kobin H; Gísladóttir, Rósa; Manrique, Elizabeth; Floyd, Simeon; Roque, Lila San; Dingemanse, Mark; Enfield, N. J; Rossi, Giovanni; Levinson, Stephen C; Gipper, Sonja; Drew, Paul; Torreira, Francisco; Magyari, Lilla; Brown, Penelope; Hoymann, Gertie; Baranova, Julija; Blythe, Joe. - : Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press, 2013
	Abstract: Introduction. A comparison of conversation in twenty-one languages from around the world reveals commonalities and differences in the way that people do open-class other-initiation of repair (Schegloff, Jefferson, and Sacks, 1977; Drew, 1997). We find that speakers of all of the spoken languages in the sample make use of a primary interjection strategy (in English it is Huh?), where the phonetic form of the interjection is strikingly similar across the languages: a monosyllable featuring an open non-back vowel [a, æ, ə, ʌ], often nasalized, usually with rising intonation and sometimes an [h-] onset. We also find that most of the languages have another strategy for open-class other-initiation of repair, namely the use of a question word (usually “what”). Here we find significantly more variation across the languages. The phonetic form of the question word involved is completely different from language to language: e.g., English [wɑt] versus Cha'palaa [ti] versus Duna [aki]. Furthermore, the grammatical structure in which the repair-initiating question word can or must be expressed varies within and across languages. In this chapter we present data on these two strategies - primary interjections like Huh? and question words like What? - with discussion of possible reasons for the similarities and differences across the languages. We explore some implications for the notion of repair as a system, in the context of research on the typology of language use. The general outline of this chapter is as follows. We first discuss repair as a system across languages and then introduce the focus of the chapter: open-class other-initiation of repair. A discussion of the main findings follows, where we identify two alternative strategies in the data: an interjection strategy (Huh?) and a question word strategy (What?). Formal features and possible motivations are discussed for the interjection strategy and the question word strategy in order. A final section discusses bodily behavior including posture, eyebrow movements and eye gaze, both in spoken languages and in a sign language. ; 38 page(s)
	URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1190546
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3	Huh? What? – a first survey in twenty-one languages
	Enfield, N. J.; Dingemanse, Mark; Baranova, Julija. - : Cambridge University Press, 2013
	BASE
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