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1
Reading sentences of words wtih rotated letters: An eye movement study
Abstract: Participants’ eye movements were measured as they read sentences in which individual letters within words were rotated. Both the consistency of direction and the magnitude of rotation were manipulated (letters rotated all in the same direction, or alternately clockwise and anti-clockwise; by 30 or 60 degrees). Each sentence included a target word that was manipulated for frequency of occurrence. Our objectives were threefold: To quantify how change in the visual presentation of individual letters disrupted word identification, and whether disruption was consistent with systematic change in visual presentation; to determine whether inconsistent letter transformation caused more disruption than consistent letter transformation; to determine whether such effects were comparable for words that were high and low frequency to explore the extent to which they were visually or linguistically mediated. We found that disruption to reading was greater as the magnitude of letter rotation increased, although even small rotations impacted processing. The data also showed that alternating letter rotations were significantly more disruptive than consistent rotations; this result is consistent with models of lexical identification in which encoding occurs over units of more than one adjacent letter. These rotation manipulations also showed significant interactions with word frequency on the target word: gaze durations and total fixation duration times increased disproportionately for low frequency words when they were presented at more extreme rotations. These data provide a first step towards quantifying the relative contribution of the spatial relationships between individual letters to word recognition and eye movement control in reading.
Keyword: C800 - Psychology
URL: http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/24458/
http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/24458/5/24458%20Figure3.jpg
http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/24458/4/24458%20Figure_2.jpg
http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/24458/1/24458%20Blythe_et_al.pdf
http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/24458/3/24458%20Fig1.tif
http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/24458/2/24458%20Supplementary%20information.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1177/1747021818810381
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2
Reading transposed text: effects of transposed letter distance and consonant-vowel status on eye movements
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3
Using E-Z Reader to examine the concurrent development of eye-movement control and reading skill
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4
Eye movements of second language learners when reading spaced and unspaced Chinese text
Shen, D.; Liversedge, Simon Paul; Tian, J.. - : American Psychological Association, 2012
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5
Linguistic and cognitive influences on eye movements during reading
Liversedge, Simon Paul; Rayner, Keith. - : Oxford University Press, 2011
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6
Eye movements and word skipping during reading: effects of word length and predictability
Rayner, Keith; Slattery, Timothy J.; Drieghe, Denis. - : American Psychological Association, 2011
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7
Encoding multiple words simultaneously in reading is implausible
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8
Eye movements and the use of parafoveal word length information in reading
Juhasz, Barbara J.; White, Sarah J.; Liversedge, Simon Paul. - : American Psychological Association, 2008
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9
Children's and adults' processing of anomaly and implausability during reading: evidence from eye movements
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10
Reading spaced and unspaced Chinese text: evidence from eye movements
Bai, Xuejun; Yan, Guoli; Liversedge, Simon Paul. - : American Psychological Association, 2008
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11
Eye movements when reading disappearing text: the importance of the word to the right of fixation
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12
The effect of plausibility on eye movements in reading
Rayner, Keith; Warren, Tessa; Juhasz, Barbara J.. - : American Psychological Association, 2004
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