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1	Tone realization in Mandarin speech: a large corpus based study of disyllabic words
	Wu, Yaru; Lamel, Lori; Adda-Decker, Martine
	In: The 12th International Symposium on Chinese Spoken Language Processing (ISCSLP 2021) ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03153413 ; The 12th International Symposium on Chinese Spoken Language Processing (ISCSLP 2021), Jan 2021, Hong Kong, China (2021)
	Abstract: This study aims to increase our knowledge about tone realiza- tion in disyllabic words in continuous Mandarin speech. Au- tomatic alignments of large speech corpora were carried out to enable the study of potential tone variants, with a special focus on variation factors such as prosodic position and right tonal context. The alignments without tone variants (V0, phono- logical representation) show that Tone 4 is more frequent in phrase-final position than in other prosodic positions, support- ing the "declination line" pattern often observed in speech pro- duction. Tone 4 is also the most frequent lexical tone (>50%) in all prosodic positions. Alignments permitting tone variants (V1, phonetic realization) show an increase of Tone 1 in phrase- initial position, compared to V0. Tone realization is observed to be related not only to the prosodic position, but also to the within-word right tonal context. Unsurprisingly, the most no- table change in tone realization happens for Tone 3 in the first syllable of disyllabic words when followed by another Tone 3 because of the well-known "tone sandhi rule" in which T3T3 disyllabic words become T2T3. Cross-word right tonal context is found to impact only Tone 3. However, the results in this study show that Tone 3 sandhi rule is more a tendency than an absolute rule. ; International audience ; This study aims to increase our knowledge about tone realization in disyllabic words in continuous Mandarin speech. Automatic alignments of large speech corpora were carried out to enable the study of potential tone variants, with a special focus on variation factors such as prosodic position and right tonal context. The alignments without tone variants (V0, phonological representation) show that Tone 4 is more frequent in phrase-final position than in other prosodic positions, supporting the "declination line" pattern often observed in speech production. Tone 4 is also the most frequent lexical tone (>50%) in all prosodic positions. Alignments permitting tone variants (V1, phonetic realization) show an increase of Tone 1 in phraseinitial position, compared to V0. Tone realization is observed to be related not only to the prosodic position, but also to the within-word right tonal context. Unsurprisingly, the most notable change in tone realization happens for Tone 3 in the first syllable of disyllabic words when followed by another Tone 3 because of the well-known "tone sandhi rule" in which T3T3 disyllabic words become T2T3. Crossword right tonal context is found to impact only Tone 3. However, the results in this study show that Tone 3 sandhi rule is more a tendency than an absolute rule.
	Keyword: [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences; continuous speech; large corpora; Mandarin; tone realization
	URL: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03153413 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03153413/document https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03153413/file/ISCSLP_2021_final.pdf
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2	Mandarin Lexical Tones: A Corpus-Based Study of Word Length, Syllable Position and Prosodic Position on Duration
	Wu, Yaru; Adda-Decker, Martine; Lamel, Lori
	In: Interspeech 2020 ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03153402 ; Interspeech 2020, Oct 2020, Shanghai, China. pp.1908-1912, ⟨10.21437/Interspeech.2020-1614⟩ (2020)
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3	POST-CONSONANTAL WORD-FINAL /ʁ/ REALIZATION IN FRENCH: CONTRIBUTIONS OF LARGE CORPORA
	Wu, Yaru; Gendrot, Cédric; Adda-Decker, Martine...
	In: Proceedings of the International Congress of Phonetic Sciences ICPhS 2019 ; International Congress of Phonetic Sciences ICPhS 2019 ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03171147 ; International Congress of Phonetic Sciences ICPhS 2019, Aug 2019, Melbourne, Australia (2019)
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