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Age-related differences in the neural bases of phonological and semantic processes.
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Abstract:
Changes in language functions during normal aging are greater for phonological compared with semantic processes. To investigate the behavioral and neural basis for these age-related differences, we used fMRI to examine younger and older adults who made semantic and phonological decisions about pictures. The behavioral performance of older adults was less accurate and less efficient than younger adults' in the phonological task but did not differ in the semantic task. In the fMRI analyses, the semantic task activated left-hemisphere language regions, and the phonological task activated bilateral cingulate and ventral precuneus. Age-related effects were widespread throughout the brain and most often expressed as greater activation for older adults. Activation was greater for younger compared with older adults in ventral brain regions involved in visual and object processing. Although there was not a significant Age × Condition interaction in the whole-brain fMRI results, correlations examining the relationship between behavior and fMRI activation were stronger for younger compared with older adults. Our results suggest that the relationship between behavior and neural activation declines with age, and this may underlie some of the observed declines in performance.
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Keyword:
Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aging; Analysis of Variance; Brain; Brain Mapping; Computer-Assisted; Cues; Female; Humans; Image Processing; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Oxygen; Perception; Phonetics; Reaction Time; Semantics; Young Adult
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URL: https://hdl.handle.net/10161/22537
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| 2 |
The Improvement Readiness scale of the SCORE survey: a metric to assess capacity for quality improvement in healthcare.
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Following instructions in a dual-task paradigm: Evidence for a temporary motor store in working memory. ...
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Semantic and phonological schema influence spoken word learning and overnight consolidation. ...
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| 5 |
Semantic and phonological schema influence spoken word learning and overnight consolidation.
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| 6 |
Following instructions in a dual-task paradigm: Evidence for a temporary motor store in working memory.
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| 7 |
Hemodynamics of speech production: an fNIRS investigation of children who stutter
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| 8 |
Tone Attrition in Mandarin Speakers of Varying English Proficiency.
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In: Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR, vol 60, iss 2 (2017)
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| 9 |
Increased discriminability of authenticity from multimodal laughter is driven by auditory information.
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| 10 |
The effect of semantic transparency on the processing of morphologically derived words: Evidence from decision latencies and event-related potentials.
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In: Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications (2017)
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Neuroanatomical anomalies of dyslexia: Disambiguating the effects of disorder, performance, and maturation.
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| 12 |
Pseudohomophone effects provide evidence of early lexico-phonological processing in visual word recognition
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| 13 |
Frequency and predictability effects on event-related potentials during reading
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| 14 |
Eye-movement strategies in developmental prosopagnosia and "super" face recognition.
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| 15 |
Neural Measures Reveal Implicit Learning during Language Processing.
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In: Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications (2016)
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Processing Demands Impact 3-Year-Olds' Performance in a Spontaneous-Response Task: New Evidence for the Processing-Load Account of Early False-Belief Understanding.
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In: PloS one, vol 10, iss 11 (2015)
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| 17 |
Universal brain signature of proficient reading: Evidence from four contrasting languages.
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol 112, iss 50 (2015)
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| 18 |
Combining TMS-EEG with transcranial direct current stimulation language treatment in aphasia
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| 19 |
Why does gaze enhance mimicry? Placing gaze-mimicry effects in relation to other gaze phenomena.
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In: Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) , 67 (4) 747 - 762. (2014) (2014)
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| 20 |
Spatiotemporal distribution of cortical processing of first and second languages in bilinguals. I. Effects of proficiency and linguistic setting.
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In: Human brain mapping, vol 34, iss 11 (2013)
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