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The relative effects of isolated and combined structured input and structured output on the acquisition of the English causative forms
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Thinking outside the box: processing instruction and individual differences in working memory capacity
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Abstract:
Processing Instruction is a pedagogic intervention that manipulates the L2 input learners are exposed to in the classroom. Proponents of this intervention claim that it poses a minimal strain on learners’ processing resources. While there has been extensive research on the benefits of Processing Instruction in general and the role of individual differences in particular, no conclusive evidence has been found regarding the role of individual differences in Working Memory Capacity. To explore the question whether Processing Instruction is equally beneficial for learners at different points of the Working Memory Capacity spectrum, a case study on the effects of computer-delivered Processing Instruction has been conducted. German switch prepositions were the target feature and students’ instructional gains were evaluated through sentence- and discourse-level tasks in a pre- and post-test design. Additionally, students’ on-task performance was recorded during instruction. The Working Memory Capacity scores were supplemented with questionnaire data on potential mediating variables such as motivation, anxiety, personality, and aptitude. The analysis of individual learner profiles addressed yet another gap in the literature: Robinson’s (2001) work, Snow’s (1989) aptitude-treatment interaction concept, and Dörnyei & Skehan’s (2003) perspective on individual differences all demand a look at the bigger picture. Yet much of the Second Language Acquisition research to date has operationalised Working Memory according to Baddeley & Hitch’s (1974) model, using quasi-experimental research designs – which usually fail to capture the complex and dynamic nature of Working Memory. This study addressed this gap with attention to the operationalisation of Working Memory, the analysis of task demands as well as perceived difficulty, and a focus on the interplay of several learner variables. Results seem to support the importance of Working Memory for Second Language Acquisition, at least in the short run. However, they also show a clear impact of participant-treatment interactions which might not have become evident in a group-comparison study.
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Keyword:
P Philology. Linguistics
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URL: http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/18092/
http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/18092/1/Stephanie%20Andrea%20Peter%202016.pdf
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The effects of re-exposure to instruction and the use of discourse-level interpretation tasks on processing instruction and the Japanese passive
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Processing instruction research, theory and practical implications for the learning and teaching of English grammar to Chinese speakers
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Input manipulations: Structured output and the centrality of meaning in grammar instruction
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The effects of Processing Instruction on the acquisition of English simple past tense: Age and cognitive task demands
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Individual differences and processing instruction: who benefits the most?
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Processing instruction and the age factor: can adults and school-age native speakers of German process English simple past tense correctly?
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Individual differences in instructed second language learning: working memory, aptitude and age differences
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Input processing theory: imparare a processare la seconda lingua
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