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Down syndrome and parental depression: a double hit on early expressive language development
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Attentional abilities constrain language development: a cross-syndrome infant/toddler study
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A multi-level developmental approach to exploring individual differences in Down syndrome: genes, brain, behaviour, and environment
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Thomas, Michael; Ojinaga Alfageme, Olatz; D'Souza, H.; Patkee, P.; Rutherford, M.; Mok, K.; Hardy, J.; LonDownS Consortium, -; Karmiloff-Smith, Annette. - : Elsevier, 2020
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Abstract:
In this article, we focus on the causes of individual differences in Down syndrome (DS), exemplifying the multi-level, multi-method, lifespan developmental approach advocated by Karmiloff-Smith (1998, 2009, 2012, 2016). We evaluate the possibility of linking variations in infant and child development with variations in the (elevated) risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in adults with DS. We review the theoretical basis for this argument, considering genetics, epigenetics, brain, behaviour and environment. In studies 1 and 2, we focus on variation in language development. We utilise data from the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI; Fenson et al., 2007), and Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) receptive and productive language subscales (Mullen, 1995) from 84 infants and children with DS (mean age 2;3, range 0;7 to 5;3). As expected, there was developmental delay in both receptive and expressive vocabulary and wide individual differences. Study 1 examined the influence of an environmental measure (socio-economic status as measured by parental occupation) on the observed variability. SES did not predict a reliable amount of the variation. Study 2 examined the predictive power of a specific genetic measure (apolipoprotein APOE genotype) which modulates risk for AD in adulthood. There was no reliable effect of APOE genotype, though weak evidence that development was faster for the genotype conferring greater AD risk (ε4 carriers), consistent with recent observations in infant attention (D’Souza, Mason, et al., 2020). Study 3 considered the concerted effect of the DS genotype on early brain development. We describe new magnetic resonance imaging methods for measuring prenatal and neonatal brain structure in DS (e.g., volumes of supratentorial brain, cortex, cerebellar volume; Patkee et al., 2019). We establish the methodological viability of linking differences in early brain structure to measures of infant cognitive development, measured by the MSEL, as a potential early marker of clinical relevance. Five case studies are presented as proof of concept, but these are as yet too few to discern a pattern.
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Keyword:
Psychological Sciences
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URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103638 https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/31825/11/31825a.pdf https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/31825/ https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/31825/4/31825.pdf
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Fractionating nonword repetition: the contributions of short-term memory and oromotor praxis are different
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Intelligence as a developing function: a Neuroconstructivist approach
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Syndromic Autism: progressing beyond current levels of description
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Distinct profiles of information-use characterize identity judgments in children and low-expertise adults
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Precursors to language development in typically and atypically developing infants and toddlers: the importance of embracing complexity
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Audio-visual speech perception in infants and toddlers with Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, and Williams syndrome
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Bilingual children show an advantage in controlling verbal interference during spoken language comprehension
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Concurrent relations between face scanning and language: a cross-syndrome infant study
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Williams syndrome: a surprising deficit in oromotor praxis in a population with proficient language production
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Audio-visual speech perception: a developmental ERP investigation
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Narrowing perceptual sensitivity to the native language in infancy: exogenous influences on developmental timing
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Articulating novel words: children's oromotor skills predict non-word repetition abilities
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Socioeconomic status and functional brain development - associations in early infancy
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Sensitivity to consciousness: the morphological knowledge and model of redescription representational
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Definitions versus categorization: assessing the development of lexico-semantic knowledge in Williams syndrome
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Severity of hyperacusis predicts individual differences in speech perception in Williams Syndrome
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