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1	Increased superior temporal activation associated with external misattributions of self-generated speech in schizophrenia.
	Fu, CH; Brammer, MJ; Yágüez, L...
	In: Symplectic Elements at Oxford ; Europe PubMed Central ; PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) ; Scopus (http://www.scopus.com/home.url) ; CrossRef (2008)
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2	Misattribution of self-generated speech in relation to hallucinatory proneness and delusional ideation in healthy volunteers.
	Allen, P; Freeman, D; Johns, L; McGuire, P
	In: Symplectic Elements at Oxford ; Europe PubMed Central ; PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) ; Scopus (http://www.scopus.com/home.url) ; CrossRef (2006)
	Abstract: When patients with hallucinations and delusions encounter their own distorted speech they tend to mistakenly attribute it to someone else. This external misattribution of self-generated material is thought to be associated with 'positive' psychotic symptoms. The aim of the present study was to examine this process in relation to the predisposition to hallucination-like experiences and unusual beliefs in a healthy population. Fifty-seven volunteers completed assessments of hallucination proneness and delusional ideation and performed a source-monitoring task. Participants listened to a series of pre-recorded words for which the source (self/non-self) and acoustic quality (undistorted/distorted) of the speech were varied across trials. Participants indicated whether the words were spoken in their own or another person's voice via a button press. Misattribution errors were greatest when participants made source judgements about their own distorted speech (p < 0.01) and were positively correlated with delusional ideation scores, particularly the level of conviction with which delusional ideas were held (p = 0.03), and there was a trend for a positive correlation with hallucination proneness scores. There was a negative correlation between unsure responses and delusional ideation when participants were processing their own distorted speech (p = -0.03). The misattribution of self-generated speech occurs in healthy individuals with high levels of psychotic-like experiences. This suggests that the same cognitive impairments may underlie psychotic phenomena in healthy individuals as in patients with psychotic disorders, consistent with a continuum model of psychosis.
	Keyword: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Delusions; Factor Analysis; Female; Hallucinations; Health Status; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Severity of Illness Index; Speech; Speech Perception; Statistical; Verbal Behavior; Vocabulary
	URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2006.01.021
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