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Integration of Social Context vs. Linguistic Reference During Situated Language Processing
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The Role of Literal Features During Processing of Novel Verbal Metaphors
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Influence of Actor's Congruent and Incongruent Gaze on Language Processing
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Referential vs. Non-referential World-Language Relations: How Do They Modulate Language Comprehension in 4 to 5-Year-Olds, Younger, and Older Adults?
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Abstract:
Age has been shown to influence language comprehension, with delays, for instance, in older adults' expectations about upcoming information. We examined to what extent expectations about upcoming event information (who-does-what-to-whom) change across the lifespan (in 4- to 5-year-old children, younger, and older adults) and as a function of different world-language relations. In a visual-world paradigm, participants in all three age groups inspected a speaker whose facial expression was either smiling or sad. Next they inspected two clipart agents (e.g., a smiling cat and a grumpy rat) depicted as acting upon a patient (e.g., a ladybug tickled by the cat and arrested by the rat). Control scenes featured the same three characters without the action depictions. While inspecting the depictions, comprehenders listened to a German sentence [e.g., Den Marienkäfer kitzelt vergnügt der Kater; literally: “The ladybug (object/patient) tickles happily the cat (subject/agent)”]. Referential verb-action relations (i.e., when the actions were present) could, in principle, cue the cat-agent and so could non-referential relations via links from the speaker's smile to “happily” and the cat's smile. We examined variation in participants' visual anticipation of the agent (the cat) before it was mentioned depending on (a) participant age and (b) whether the referentially mediated action depiction or the non-referentially associated speaker smile cued the agent. The action depictions rapidly boosted participants' visual anticipation of the agent, facilitating thematic role assignment in all age groups. By contrast, effects of the non-referentially cued speaker smile emerged in the younger adults only. We outline implications of these findings for processing accounts of the temporally coordinated interplay between listeners' age-dependent language comprehension, their interrogation of the visual context, and visual context influences. ; Peer Reviewed
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Keyword:
150 Psychologie; age differences; children; ddc:150; emotional faces; non-referential effects; older adults; real-time language processing; referential effects; visual-world eye-tracking
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URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/24301-4
http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/18452/24301
https://doi.org/10.18452/23635
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.542091
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Extending Situated Language Comprehension (Accounts) with Speaker and Comprehender Characteristics: Toward Socially Situated Interpretation
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Do people prefer to inspect the target of a recent action?: The case of verb-action mismatches
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Eye-tracking situated language comprehension: Immediate actor gaze versus recent action events
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(Beyond) referential mechanisms in spatial language comprehension
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