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Effects of Duration, Locality, and Surprisal in Speech Disfluency Prediction in English Spontaneous Speech
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In: Proceedings of the Society for Computation in Linguistics (2021)
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De l'erreur de langage à l'interruption disfluente.
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In: Université Catholique de Louvain Workshop 2015 3rd ARC Fluency & Disfluency 3 ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01498827 ; Université Catholique de Louvain Workshop 2015 3rd ARC Fluency & Disfluency 3, Feb 2015, Louvain-la-Neuve, France. pp.25 (2015)
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Analyse lexicale outillée de la parole transcrite de patients schizophrènes
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In: ISSN: 1248-9433 ; EISSN: 1965-0906 ; Revue TAL ; https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01188677 ; Revue TAL, ATALA (Association pour le Traitement Automatique des Langues), 2015, Natural Language Processing and Cognition, 55 (3), pp.91 - 115 (2015)
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When transgressions are beneficial: Evidence from the linguistic domain ; De la fécondité de certaines transgressions dans le domaine linguistique
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In: ISSN: 1925-0614 ; Voix Plurielles ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01153971 ; Voix Plurielles, Association des professeur-e-s de français des universités et collèges canadiens, 2015, Voix Plurielles, 21 (1), pp.167-185 ; http://brock.scholarsportal.info/journals/voixplurielles/article/view/1183 (2015)
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De la fécondité de certaines transgressions dans le domaine linguistique
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In: Voix Plurielles; Vol 12 No 1 (2015); 167-185 ; Voix Plurielles; Vol. 12 No 1 (2015); 167-185 ; 1925-0614 (2015)
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DisMo: A Morphosyntactic, Disfluency and Multi-Word Unit Annotator. An Evaluation on a Corpus of French Spontaneous and Read Speech
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In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC) ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01703495 ; Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), May 2014, Reykjavik, Iceland (2014)
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| 7 |
Étude quantitative des disfluences dans le discours de schizophrènes : automatiser pour limiter les biais
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In: TALN - Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles ; https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01054391 ; TALN - Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles, Jul 2014, Marseille, France. pp.292-303 (2014)
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| 8 |
Peut-on bien chunker avec de mauvaises étiquettes POS ?
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In: TALN 2014 ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01024274 ; TALN 2014, Jul 2014, Marseille, France. pp.125-136 (2014)
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A CRF-Based Approach to Automatic Disfluency Detection in a French Call-Centre Corpus
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In: Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (Interspeech'14) ; 15th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (Interspeech'14) ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01134812 ; 15th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (Interspeech'14), International Speech Communication Association (ISCA), Sep 2014, Singapour, Singapore. pp.2897-2901 ; http://www.interspeech2014.org/public.php?page=home.html (2014)
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| 10 |
Uh, Um, and Autism: Filler Disfluencies in Children with Optimal Outcomes from Autism Spectrum Disorder
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In: Master's Theses (2014)
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| 11 |
Les disfluences et quelques autres libertés de langage
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In: Université Catholique d'Angers, Collloque international. La trangressioon: de l'émancipation à la progression ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01510197 ; Université Catholique d'Angers, Collloque international. La trangressioon: de l'émancipation à la progression, Sep 2013, Angers, France. pp.12 (2013)
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| 12 |
Disfluency and discursive markers: when prosody and syntax plan discourse
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In: DiSS 2013: The 6th Workshop on Disfluency in Spontaneous Speech ; TMH-QPSR ; https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00869849 ; DiSS 2013: The 6th Workshop on Disfluency in Spontaneous Speech, Aug 2013, Stockholm, Sweden. pp.5-9 (2013)
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| 13 |
Une étude quantitative des marqueurs discursifs, disfluences et chevauchements de parole dans des interviews politiques
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In: ISSN: 2118-870X ; EISSN: 2264-7082 ; Travaux Interdisciplinaires du Laboratoire Parole et Langage d'Aix-en-Provence (TIPA) ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01135042 ; Travaux Interdisciplinaires du Laboratoire Parole et Langage d'Aix-en-Provence (TIPA), Laboratoire Parole et Langage, 2013, pp.18. ⟨10.4000/tipa.830⟩ (2013)
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Abstract:
At the interface between corpus linguistics and automatic speech processing, this study aims at increasing our understanding of spontaneous speech-related phenomena, based on 8 hours of television shows (L’heure de vérité) of French political interviews recorded in the early nineties. During each show, a political figure or a representative of civil society is interviewed by several journalists. The reported work focuses on the transcription, annotation and analysis of discourse markers, disfluencies and speech overlaps. Press-oriented (bona fide) transcripts available for these shows and the output of a speech recognition system were used and aligned to speed up the transcription process, in order to provide a fine-grained (verbatim) transcription of the audio data, including all audible speech events. Sibling corpora are very useful resources to facilitate hand corrections. A segmentation into multi-speaker speech portions was also performed manually by relaxing temporal anchoring constraints in the case of overlaps, because even the precise localisation of the beginning and the end of such events is not straightforward. The Transcriber software (trans.sourceforge.net/en/presentation.php) was customised accordingly to facilitate this task. Two situations were distinguished: (1) the overlap does not entail a speaker change (the primary speaker remains the same at the end of the overlap); (2) the primary speaker stops and the secondary speaker becomes the primary speaker of a new turn.Three types of disfluencies were distinguished: filled pauses, repetitions and false starts. Together with discourse markers, they were analysed by utterance, speaker and pattern types. Silent pauses and lengthening phenomena were also measured, but they are not addressed in this paper. Speech overlaps were annotated by using 4 tags: back-channel, turn stealing, anticipated turn taking, and complementary. Back-channels like “`hmm”s indicate that we follow our interlocutor, understand him/her, agree with him/her; they barely disturb the main speaker. On the opposite, turn stealings clearly interrupt the main speaker, even though the attempt may fail as any other speech act. Anticipated turn taking corresponds to the case where the incoming speaker seems to perceive cues indicating that the main speaker has finished (phrase or clause boundary, falling pitch, etc.). Finally, the complementary label was introduced for overlaps which aim at complementing the main speaker’s utterance: a possibly paraphrased repetition of the primary speaker’s statement, an explicit agreement or disagreement, a short anticipated answer, a precision forwarded or required, not only on the content but also on the form of the exchange (schedule, approached topic), a witty remark or the continuation of the utterance. This complementary label, contrary to the turn stealing one, is assigned to self-sufficient comments or utterances: the entering speaker does not take the floor to develop an argument. This type of overlap may be favoured by the situational context: beyond the speakers actively involved in the show, an actor may wish to provide additional information to the audience.Differences between overlap tags may happen to be subtle and give rise to diverging interpretations. A unique label assignment is not always straightforward. Even “hmm”s can have different communicative functions such as signalling that one is eager to jump in. From one extreme to the other, progressive transitions are common during long-lasting turns. Two shows were annotated by 5 annotators, and the reference resulted from harmonising the different annotations through first negotiation, then adjudication, for the disputed labels. The label distribution for the different annotators confirmed the intermediate nature of the complementary label, and showed a rather high confusion percentage (24%) between anticipated turn takings and turn stealings. Yet, the manual annotation of the corpus based on the four overlap types gave a good inter-annotator agreement (Kappa measures around 0.7). This first result allowed us to study the distribution of overlaps and their interplay with disfluencies and discourse markers.In non-overlapping speech, each disfluency type (as well as discourse markers) accounts for about 2% of the corpus. Among disfluencies, hesitations (transcribed as euh in French) can be found almost anywhere. More precisely, 35% of filled pauses occur at a sentence boundary indicated by a full stop (14%) or at a major phrase boundary indicated by a comma (21%) in the bona fide transcription. In the middle of a sentence, hesitations frequently precede a determiner or a preposition and they rather follow a conjunction or a preposition. This asymmetry suggests that hesitations are avoided within noun phrases, especially between a determiner and a noun. In this situation, other mechanisms such as final lengthening or repetitions are preferred. Repetitions and false starts exhibit some features in common: first, they both involve 1 or 2 words on average, and there is a high correlation (0.8) among speakers between their numbers of repetitions and false starts: speakers who produce many repetitions also tend to make many revisions. Second, most frequent repetitions and false starts tend to be monosyllabic function words: de ‘of’, le (corresponding to the determiner ‘the’ far more often than the pronoun ‘him’), etc. Interestingly, le outweighs la in both repetitions and false starts: it may be considered not only as the masculine form but also as the neutral form of the determiner. By contrast, the conjunction et ‘and’ hardly lends itself to revisions, and it is only found among repetitions. It may also be considered as a discourse marker: as such, it is even more frequent than alors ‘so’ in the corpus.Our study then focused on overlaps, which are frequent (3-4 per minute on average) even if they are short (2.5 words compared to 30-word speaker turns on average). Their cumulative duration represents less than 5% of the data. Non-intrusive overlaps such as back-channels, which encourage a fluid interaction, are particularly short. Figures are comparable for active and passive speakers (i.e. incoming speakers who produce the overlap situation and floor holding speakers who are interrupted). However, active speakers in the turn stealing situation tend to speak faster (they produce more words) than their passive competitors.Overlaps generate twice as many disfluencies as non-overlapping speech portions. The disfluency rate increase mainly concerns repetitions, in particular for active speakers in intrusive overlap situations such as turn stealings. More repetitions and discourse markers are observed for active speakers than for passive speakers, which can also be explained by the turn-start position. Our study showed that disfluencies and discourse markers occur at the beginning rather than at the end of utterances.Passive (primary) speakers become dramatically disfluent within complementary comments brought by their interlocutors. This corroborates the intrusive nature of these complementary overlaps which do not aim at a speaker change but may disturb the main speaker due to their length and informational content. By contrast, back-channels do not increase the disfluency rate of passive speakers. This rate is even lower than it is in non-overlapping speech.Finally, interesting differences are observed between journalists and interviewees, whose roles are asymmetric. Even though their disfluency rates are on the whole comparable, journalists show higher disfluency rates when they are passive speakers in intrusive (turn stealing or complementary) overlap situations. In this case, there seems to be an exchange of standard roles (active interruption for journalists and passive overlaps for interviewees).Enriched and more accurate models are necessary for both talk-in-interaction analysis and speech recognition. We think that drawing up a descriptive inventory of discourse markers, disfluencies and speech overlaps may contribute to the design of a pragmatics model and may be profitable to improve automatic conversational speech transcription, whose performance is still poor as compared to prepared speech recognition. ; À l’interface entre linguistique de corpus et traitement automatique, le travail présenté ici vise à éclairer les différences relevant de la variation diamésique, entre oral et transcriptions écrites à différents niveaux d’élaboration. Un corpus d’interviews télévisées a été utilisé (une dizaine d’émissions de L’heure de vérité), impliquant des journalistes et des hommes politiques ou des personnalités représentant la société civile. Les transcriptions bona fide réalisées à destination de la presse (où la plupart des disfluences et marqueurs discursifs ainsi que les chevauchements de parole ont été éliminés) ont été alignées avec les transcriptions fournies par un système de reconnaissance de la parole, facilitant la production de transcriptions verbatim où tous les événements audibles (y compris la parole superposée) ont été transcrits manuellement.Trois types de disfluences (les hésitations, les répétitions et les faux départs) ont été distingués et annotés, de même que les marqueurs discursifs. Ces derniers, ainsi que chaque type de disfluences, représentent environ 2 % des mots du corpus hors chevauchements de parole (8 % au total). Ils ont été analysés par type d’énoncé, de locuteur (selon le statut journaliste/invité) et de patrons les plus fréquents.Les chevauchements de parole ont également été annotés manuellement au moyen de quatre étiquettes, pour les régulateurs ou backchannels du type hmm, pour les prises de parole (avec interruption claire d’un locuteur par un autre), pour les anticipations de tour de parole (quand le locuteur qui intervient semble percevoir que son interlocuteur a terminé) et pour les chevauchements complémentaires (commentaires ou énoncés qui se suffisent à eux-mêmes, où le locuteur qui intervient ne prend pas la parole pour développer une argumentation). L’interaction entre chevauchements de parole, disfluences et marqueurs discursifs a ensuite été étudiée, et les taux d’occurrences observés ont été mis en relation avec le rôle des locuteurs. Les chevauchements de parole sont assez fréquents (en moyenne 3–4 par minute), même s’ils sont de courte durée (5 % des données), les chevauchements non-intrusifs comme les régulateurs de type hmm étant plus courts que les chevauchements intrusifs comme les prises de parole. Les disfluences sont deux fois plus nombreuses en parole superposée qu’en parole non-superposée : les répétitions, en particulier, sont concernées au premier chef. Enfin, des différences intéressantes ont été relevées entre les comportements actifs/passifs (de celui qui prend ou qui a la parole) des journalistes et des invités.
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Keyword:
[INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL]; [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics; disfluences; disfluencies; français parlé; parole spontanée; spoken French; spontaneous speech
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URL: https://doi.org/10.4000/tipa.830
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01135042
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| 14 |
Permanence et variation des unités prosodiques dans le discours et l'interaction
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In: ISSN: 0959-2695 ; EISSN: 1474-0079 ; Journal of French Language Studies ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00576851 ; Journal of French Language Studies, Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2011, pp.97-110 (2011)
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| 15 |
The Relationship Between Auditory Processing Skills and Disfluencies under Delayed Auditory Feedback in Fluent Speakers
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In: ETSU Faculty Works (2011)
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| 16 |
Articulation rate and its relationship to disfluency type, duration, and temperament in preschool children who stutter.
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In: Communication Sciences and Disorders (2011)
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Producing less preferred structures: More gestures, less fluency
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In: http://141.14.165.6/CogSci09/papers/12/paper12.pdf (2009)
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| 18 |
Traitement automatique de disfluences dans un corpus linguistiquement contraint
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In: Actes de la 16ème conférence sur le Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles. Articles courts ; 16ème conférence sur le Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles (TAL 2009) ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03620126 ; 16ème conférence sur le Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles (TAL 2009), Jun 2009, Senlis, France. pp.357-366 ; https://aclanthology.org/2009.jeptalnrecital-court.39/ (2009)
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| 19 |
Les troncations et les répétitions de mots chez un locuteur bègue
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In: ISSN: 2118-870X ; EISSN: 2264-7082 ; Travaux Interdisciplinaires du Laboratoire Parole et Langage d'Aix-en-Provence (TIPA) ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00292399 ; Travaux Interdisciplinaires du Laboratoire Parole et Langage d'Aix-en-Provence (TIPA), Laboratoire Parole et Langage, 2007, 26, pp.93-113 (2007)
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Une base de données sur les troncations involontaires de mots en français parlé.
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In: ISSN: 2118-870X ; EISSN: 2264-7082 ; Travaux Interdisciplinaires du Laboratoire Parole et Langage d'Aix-en-Provence (TIPA) ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00142932 ; Travaux Interdisciplinaires du Laboratoire Parole et Langage d'Aix-en-Provence (TIPA), Laboratoire Parole et Langage, 2006, 25, pp.173-184 (2006)
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