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Enhancing the Reasoning Capabilities of Natural Language Inference Models with Attention Mechanisms and External Knowledge
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| 2 |
On the use of prior and external knowledge in neural sequence models
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| 3 |
Evaluation of Changes in Speech Production Induced by Conventional and Level-Dependent Hearing Protectors and Noise Characteristics ...
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Evaluation of Changes in Speech Production Induced by Conventional and Level-Dependent Hearing Protectors and Noise Characteristics
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Abstract:
The use of personal hearing protection devices (HPDs) is often recommended to protect workers' hearing from noise-induced damage when no other means of reducing noise levels at the source is effective. The effects of HPDs on speech communication cannot be neglected in spite of their benefit in reducing the risk of hearing loss. While much research has been directed at speech perception, much less is known on how HPDs affect speech production. The tendency of talkers to raise their vocal effort in noise, known as the Lombard effect, is often disrupted by HPDs due to their occlusion effect and the lower noise at the ears as well as the attenuated feedback from one’s own voice. Three main knowledge gaps are addressed in this thesis. The first gap is to characterize speech produced by talkers with or without HPDs under realistic acoustic conditions while immersed in an external noise field. The second gap is to evaluate more comprehensively speech production under protected and unprotected talker and listener ear conditions in different types of fluctuating and continous noises. The third gap is to assess the alterations in the characteristics of speech produced by talkers wearing level-dependent HPDs set at different transmission gain settings and in comparison with passive HPDs. This thesis extends methods used to recover Lombard speech elicited in an external noise field. For this purpose, two noise suppression methods, direct waveform subtraction (DWS) and adaptive noise cancellation (ANC), were found to adequately remove noise from speech recorded for SNRs as low as −10 dB. Moreover, this work contributes new knowledge on the effects of conventional passive HPDs on speech production. When talker wears HPD in noise then speech level were found to decrease by up to 9 dB in continuous noises and by 7 dB in fluctuating noises compared to open ears, while speech levels were found to increase by about 5 dB in all noises when the listener wears HPD. Furthermore, changes in pitch and spectral levels were consistent with changes in speech levels. The effects of level-dependent HPD on speech production, depending on the chosen transmission gain setting, revealed that it led to smaller decrease in talkers’ speech levels in noise compared to conventional passive HPD. These findings indicate that the level-dependent HPDs may impede communication less than conventional passive HPDs, while providing protection against high levels of noise.
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Keyword:
External noise field; Lombard effect; Noise suppression; Passive and level-dependent hearing protection devices; Speech production in noise
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URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38501
https://doi.org/10.20381/ruor-22754
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| 6 |
Le fil d´Ariane - le français à la Cour de justice de l´Union européenne à Luxembourg
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| 7 |
Linguistic Innovations in Chinese: Internal and External Factors
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| 8 |
External evaluation of French as a foreign language: the DELF-DALF diplomas within multilingual contexts
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| 10 |
Análise variacionista da ditongação como processo de sândi externo na fala de Lages/Santa Catarina
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| 11 |
Acoustic Analysis of Internally versus Externally Guided Speech in Parkinson's Disease
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| 12 |
Lideranças curriculares intermédias no contexto da avaliação externa das escolas em Portugal
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| 13 |
Bare Nouns in Persian: Interpretation, Grammar, and Prosody
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| 14 |
Bare Nouns in Persian: Interpretation, Grammar, and Prosody ...
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| 15 |
The material imagination ; poetic itineraries from Bradstreet to Olson
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| 16 |
Knowledge organization with multiple external representations in a computer-supported collaborative learning environment for arguing on a socio-scientific issue
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| 17 |
Unveiling linguistic competence by facilitating performance
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Kim, Kitaek. - : [Honolulu] : [University of Hawaii at Manoa], [May 2014], 2014
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| 18 |
Vergleich der Terminologie des österreichischen Hochschul-Qualitätssicherungsgesetzes mit Schweden und Spanien
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| 19 |
Bare Nouns in Persian: Interpretation, Grammar, and Prosody
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| 20 |
Evaluation of Mandibular Anterior Alveolus in Different Skeletal Patterns
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In: Hoang, Nga Thu. (2013). Evaluation of Mandibular Anterior Alveolus in Different Skeletal Patterns. UC San Francisco: Oral and Craniofacial Sciences. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0kz0h9g1 (2013)
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