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1
Program Logic for Weak Memory Concurrency ...
Doko, Marko. - : Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 2021
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2
Neural Network Learning for Robust Speech Recognition
Qu, Leyuan. - : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2021
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3
Student Performance and Collaboration in Introductory Courses to Theory of Computation ; Studierendenperformance und Kollaboration in Einführungskursen der Theoretischen Informatik
Frede, Christiane. - : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2021
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4
Classifying user information needs in cooking dialogues – an empirical performance evaluation of transformer networks
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5
Entwicklung und Evaluation eines Tools zur lexikonbasierten Sentiment Analysis für die Digital Humanities
Dangel, Johanna. - 2021
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6
Language representations for computational argumentation
Lauscher, Anne. - 2021
Abstract: Argumentation is an essential feature and, arguably, one of the most exciting phenomena of natural language use. Accordingly, it has fascinated scholars and researchers in various fields, such as linguistics and philosophy, for long. Its computational analysis, falling under the notion of computational argumentation, is useful in a variety of domains of text for a range of applications. For instance, it can help to understand users’ stances in online discussion forums towards certain controversies, to provide targeted feedback to users for argumentative writing support, and to automatically summarize scientific publications. As in all natural language processing pipelines, the text we would like to analyze has to be introduced to computational argumentation models in the form of numeric features. Choosing such suitable semantic representations is considered a core challenge in natural language processing. In this context, research employing static and contextualized pretrained text embedding models has recently shown to reach state-of-the-art performances for a range of natural language processing tasks. However, previous work has noted the specific difficulty of computational argumentation scenarios with language representations as one of the main bottlenecks and called for targeted research on the intersection of the two fields. Still, the efforts focusing on the interplay between computational argumentation and representation learning have been few and far apart. This is despite (a) the fast-growing body of work in both computational argumentation and representation learning in general and (b) the fact that some of the open challenges are well known in the natural language processing community. In this thesis, we address this research gap and acknowledge the specific importance of research on the intersection of representation learning and computational argumentation. To this end, we (1) identify a series of challenges driven by inherent characteristics of argumentation in natural language and (2) present new analyses, corpora, and methods to address and mitigate each of the identified issues. Concretely, we focus on five main challenges pertaining to the current state-of-the-art in computational argumentation: (C1) External knowledge: static and contextualized language representations encode distributional knowledge only. We propose two approaches to complement this knowledge with knowledge from external resources. First, we inject lexico-semantic knowledge through an additional prediction objective in the pretraining stage. In a second study, we demonstrate how to inject conceptual knowledge post hoc employing the adapter framework. We show the effectiveness of these approaches on general natural language understanding and argumentative reasoning tasks. (C2) Domain knowledge: pretrained language representations are typically trained on big and general-domain corpora. We study the trade-off between employing such large and general-domain corpora versus smaller and domain-specific corpora for training static word embeddings which we evaluate in the analysis of scientific arguments. (C3) Complementarity of knowledge across tasks: many computational argumentation tasks are interrelated but are typically studied in isolation. In two case studies, we show the effectiveness of sharing knowledge across tasks. First, based on a corpus of scientific texts, which we extend with a new annotation layer reflecting fine-grained argumentative structures, we show that coupling the argumentative analysis with other rhetorical analysis tasks leads to performance improvements for the higher-level tasks. In the second case study, we focus on assessing the argumentative quality of texts. To this end, we present a new multi-domain corpus annotated with ratings reflecting different dimensions of argument quality. We then demonstrate the effectiveness of sharing knowledge across the different quality dimensions in multi-task learning setups. (C4) Multilinguality: argumentation arguably exists in all cultures and languages around the globe. To foster inclusive computational argumentation technologies, we dissect the current state-of-the-art in zero-shot cross-lingual transfer. We show big drops in performance when it comes to resource-lean and typologically distant target languages. Based on this finding, we analyze the reasons for these losses and propose to move to inexpensive few-shot target-language transfer, leading to consistent performance improvements in higher-level semantic tasks, e.g., argumentative reasoning. (C5) Ethical considerations: envisioned computational argumentation applications, e.g., systems for self-determined opinion formation, are highly sensitive. We first discuss which ethical aspects should be considered when representing natural language for computational argumentation tasks. Focusing on the issue of unfair stereotypical bias, we then conduct a multi-dimensional analysis of the amount of bias in monolingual and cross-lingual embedding spaces. In the next step, we devise a general framework for implicit and explicit bias evaluation and debiasing. Employing intrinsic bias measures and benchmarks reflecting the semantic quality of the embeddings, we demonstrate the effectiveness of new debiasing methods, which we propose. Finally, we complement this analysis by testing the original as well as the debiased language representations for stereotypically unfair bias in argumentative inferences. We hope that our contributions in language representations for computational argumentation fuel more research on the intersection of the two fields and contribute to fair, efficient, and effective natural language processing technologies.
Keyword: 004 Informatik
URL: https://madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de/60201
https://madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de/60201/
https://madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de/60201/1/dissertation_lauscher.pdf
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7
Accessible digital documentary heritage : guidelines for the preparation of documentary heritage in accessible formats for persons with disabilities ...
Darvishy, Alireza; Manning, Juliet. - : UNESCO, 2020
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8
Erfahrung und Gewissheit – Orientierungen in den Wissenschaften und im Alltag. IV. Regensburger Symposium vom 24.-26. März 2011 ...
Thim-Mabrey, Christiane; Brack, Matthias. - : Universität Regensburg, 2020
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9
Conversational Language Learning for Human-Robot Interaction
Bothe, Chandrakant Ramesh. - : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2020
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10
Natural Language Visual Grounding via Multimodal Learning ; Natürliche Sprache Visual Grounding durch multimodales Lernen
Mi, Jinpeng. - : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2020
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11
Erfahrung und Gewissheit – Orientierungen in den Wissenschaften und im Alltag. IV. Regensburger Symposium vom 24.-26. März 2011
Thim-Mabrey, Christiane; Brack, Matthias. - : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2020
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12
ANNIS: A graph-based query system for deeply annotated text corpora ...
Krause, Thomas. - : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019
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13
Generating Formal Representations of System Specification from Natural Language Requirements
Irfan, Zeeshan. - 2019
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14
ANNIS: A graph-based query system for deeply annotated text corpora
Krause, Thomas. - : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019
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15
Acquiring Architecture Knowledge for Technology Design Decisions ; Erfassung von Architekturwissen für Technologieentwurfsentscheidungen
Soliman, Mohamed Aboubakr Mohamed. - : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2019
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16
Adaptive Approaches to Natural Language Processing in Annotation and Application ; Adaptive Ansätze zur Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache in Annotation und Anwendung
Yimam, Seid Muhie. - : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2019
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17
Predictive Dependency Parsing ; Vorhersagendes Dependenzparsing
Köhn, Arne. - : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2019
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18
Automatic generation of lexical recognition tests using natural language processing
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19
Mining and Analyzing User Rationale in Software Engineering ; Gewinnung und Analyse von Nutzerbegründungen in der Softwaretechnik
Kurtanović, Zijad. - : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2018
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20
Operations on Graphs, Arrays and Automata ; Operationen auf Graphen, Arrays und Automaten
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