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Translation as Commentary in the Sanskrit-Old Javanese Didactic and Religious Literature from Java and Bali
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In: ISSN: 2412-3196 ; Medieval Worlds ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03070824 ; Medieval Worlds, 2020, Medieval Worlds, pp.213-240. ⟨10.1553/medievalworlds_no11_2020s213⟩ (2020)
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QUESTION WORDS IN THE INTERROGATIVE CONSTRUCTION IN JAVANESE: IN X-BAR THEORY
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In: Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 145-152 (2020) (2020)
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Looking into the Language Status of Osing with Contrastive Analysis of the Basic Vocabulary of Osing and Malang Javanese
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In: PAROLE: Journal of Linguistics and Education; Vol 10, No 2 (2020): Volume 10 Number 2 October 2020; 87-96 ; 23380683 ; 2087-345X (2020)
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The Javanese language at risk? Perspectives from an East Java village
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The Javanese language at risk? Perspectives from an East Java village
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Death-related expressions in Javanese angkating layon speech and English eulogy
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In: Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, Vol 8, Iss 3, Pp 515-524 (2019) (2019)
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Javanese, New Caledonian: a language of New Caledonia
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: SIL International, 2018
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Javanese, Suriname: a language of Suriname
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: SIL International, 2018
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Javanese: a language of Indonesia
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: SIL International, 2018
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Destruction of Bekisar Merah: Antoine Berman’s Deforming Tendencies in The Red Bekisar
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In: K@ta: A Biannual Publication on the Study of Language and Literature, Vol 19, Iss 2, Pp 41-47 (2018) (2018)
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The Force Scheme in Javanese Emotion Metaphors
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In: PAROLE: Journal of Linguistics and Education; Volume 8 Number 1 April 2018; 12-18 ; 23380683 ; 2087-345X (2018)
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Phonological and phonetic properties of nasal substitution in Sasak and Javanese
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In: Laboratory Phonology: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology; Vol 8, No 1 (2017); 21 ; 1868-6354 (2017)
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| 16 |
Destruction of Bekisar Merah: Antoine Berman’s Deforming Tendencies in The Red Bekisar
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In: K@ta: A Biannual Publication on the Study of Language and Literature, Vol 19, Iss 2, Pp 41-47 (2017) (2017)
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| 17 |
Ketika Orang Jawa Meminta Maaf dengan Menggunakan Bahasa Inggris dari Perspektif Tindak Tutur
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In: PAROLE: Journal of Linguistics and Education; Volume 5 Number 2 October 2015; 95-106 ; 23380683 ; 2087-345X (2017)
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The Applicative Constructions in Javanese Dialect of Kudus
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In: PAROLE: Journal of Linguistics and Education; Volume 6 Number 1 April 2016; 18-27 ; 23380683 ; 2087-345X (2017)
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| 19 |
Possessor extraction in Indonesian-type languages
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In: Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America; Vol 1 (2016): Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America; 35:1–15 ; 2473-8689 (2016)
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| 20 |
CODE-CROSSING: HIERARCHICAL POLITENESS IN JAVANESE
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In: e-Journal of Linguistics, Vol 7, Iss 1 (2015) (2015)
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Abstract:
Javanese is a well known for its speech levels called ngoko ‘low’ and krama ‘high’ which enable its speakers to show intimacy, deference, and hierarchy among the society members. This research applied critically Brown and Gilman (1960)’s theory of terms of address to analyze the asymmetrical, factors which influence, and politeness of the use of speech levels in Javanese. Method of observation, in depth interview, and document study were applied to collect the data. Recorded conversation was then transcribed into written form, classified and codified according to the speech levels, and analyzed using politeness system (Scollon and Scollon, 2001) and status scale (Homes, 2001). The use of speech levels shows asymmetric communication: two speakers use two different codes, i.e. ngoko and krama because of power (+P) and with/without distance (+/-D), and it is the reflection of hierarchical politeness. The asymmetrical use of ngoko and krama by God and His Angel, God and human beings strongly explicated the asymmetrical communication between superiors and inferiors. The finding of the research shows that the use of ngoko and krama could present the phenomena of code-switching, code-mixing, and the fundamental phenomenon is ‘code-crossing’. It is concluded that hierarchical politeness in Javanese is ‘social contract’ i.e. the acknowledgment of the existence of high class (superior) and low class (inferior) implemented in ‘communications contract’ using speech levels of the Javanese language in line with status scale. Asymmetrical use of ngoko and krama indexed inequality, hierarchy, and harmony
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Keyword:
asymmetric; code-crossing; hierarchy; Javanese; Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar; P101-410; speech levels
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URL: https://doaj.org/article/b98d54ee37e54fe086c7665708b48190
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