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Acquired dysarthria
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Abstract:
Definition and classification of acquired dysarthria ‘Acquired dysarthria’ is a collective term for a group of neurologically based speech disorders. These disorders result from abnormalities in the strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone or accuracy of movements required for control of the respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, articulatory and prosodic aspects of speech production. Damage to the nervous system, which causes disruption to any level of the motor system involved in the regulation of the speech production mechanism, can lead to dysarthria. Depending on which component(s) of the neuromuscular system is affected, a number of different types of dysarthria may be recognized. Each is characterized by its own set of auditory perceptual features. Parts of the neuromuscular system that can be affected include the lower motor neurons, upper motor neurons, extrapyramidal system, cerebellum, neuromuscular junction as well as the muscles of the speech production mechanism.Historically, a number of different systems have been used to classify the various types of dysarthria including age at onset (congenital and acquired dysarthria), neurological diagnosis (vascular dysarthria, neoplastic dysarthria, etc.) and site of lesion (cerebellar dysarthria, lower motor neuron dysarthria, etc.). The most universally utilized system of classification, however, is that devised by Darley et al. (1975) and known as the Mayo Clinic classification system. The six clinically recognized types of dysarthria identified by the Mayo Clinic classification system together with their lesion sites are listed in Table 11.1.
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Keyword:
1200 Arts and Humanities; 3300 Social Sciences
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URL: https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:389915
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Consensus Paper: Language and the Cerebellum: an Ongoing Enigma
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Consensus paper: language and the cerebellum: an ongoing enigma
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Erratum: electromagnetic articulographic assessment of articulatory kinematics in children, adolescents, and adults (2014) 16 (68-75) DOI 10.1179/2050571X13Z.0000000008)
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Pre-linguistic communication skill development in an infant with a diagnosis of galactosemia
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Development of figurative language skills following central nervous system-directed chemotherapy delivered in early childhood
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Differential phonological awareness skills in children with classic galactosemia: a descriptive study of four cases
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Effect of speech loudness manipulations on articulatory dynamics in severe traumatic brain injury
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Non-invasive brain stimulation: a new frontier in the treatment of neurogenic speech-language disorders
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Long term language recovery subsequent to low frequency rTMS in chronic non-fluent aphasia
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Electromagnetic articulographic assessment of articulatory kinematics in children, adolescents, and adults
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Determining the optimal current direction of transcranial magnetic stimulation to induce motor responses in the tongue: a preliminary study of neurologically healthy individuals
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Longitudinal language outcomes following intrathecal chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
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Investigating the neural basis of stuttering using transcranial magnetic stimulation: Preliminary case discussion
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Differential language trajectories following treatment for pediatric posterior fossa tumor: an investigation of four cases
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Charting a seven-year trajectory of language outcomes for a child with galactosemia
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