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Data for: Rethinking Bilingual Enhancement and Dominance Effects in Associative Learning of Foreign Language Vocabulary: The Role of Proficiency in the Mediating Language ...
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Data for: Rethinking Bilingual Enhancement and Dominance Effects in Associative Learning of Foreign Language Vocabulary: The Role of Proficiency in the Mediating Language ...
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Стратегии обучения иностранному языку в образовательном процессе ... : LEARNING STRATEGIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES INTRODUCTION ...
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Дж. Римонди. - : Отечественная и зарубежная педагогика, 2019
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ドイツ人韓国語学習者の「‐에」と「‐를」の 誤用に関する考察 ; A Study on the Errors in the Use of “‐에 ” and “‐를 ” by German Learners of the Korean Language ; ドイツジン カンコクゴ ガクシュウシャ ノ ‐에 ト ‐를 ノ ゴヨウ ニ カンスル コウサツ
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朴, 恩珠; Park, Eunjoo. - : 大阪女学院大学, 2018. : オオサカ ジョガクイン ダイガク, 2018. : Osaka Jogakuin 4year College, 2018
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The use of Thai EFL postgraduates' lexical inferencing strategies through the think-aloud method ...
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Using Group-Work to Optimize Learning Opportunities for Grade 1 and 2 English Language Learners in the Classroom
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國小學童學習英文單字之困難與因應策略 ; A CASE STUDY OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN’S DIFFICULTIES AND STRATEGIES IN LEARNING ENGLISH VOCABULARY
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The evolution of social learning rules: Payoff-biased and frequency-dependent biased transmission
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: Elsevier, 2011
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Abstract:
Abstract Humans and other animals do not use social learning indiscriminately, rather, natural selection has favoured the evolution of social learning rules that make selective use of social learning to acquire relevant information in a changing environment. We present a gene-culture coevolutionary analysis of a small selection of such rules (unbiased social learning, payoff-biased social learning and frequency-dependent biased social learning, including conformism and anti-conformism) in a population of asocial learners where the environment is subject to a constant probability of change to a novel state. We define conditions under which each rule evolves to a genetically-polymorphic equilibrium. We find that payoff-biased social learning may evolve under high levels of environmental variation if the fitness benefit associated with the acquired behaviour is either high or low but not of intermediate value. In contrast, both conformist and anti-conformist biases can become fixed when environment variation is low, whereupon the mean fitness in the population is higher than for a population of asocial learners. Our examination of the population dynamics reveals stable limit cycles under conformist and anti-conformist biases and some highly complex dynamics including chaos. Anti-conformists can out-compete conformists when conditions favour a low equilibrum frequency of the learned behaviour. We conclude that evolution, punctuated by the repeated successful invasion of different social learning rules, should continuously favour a reduction in the equilibrium frequency of asocial learning, and propose that, among competing social learning rules, the dominant rule will be the one that can persist with the lowest frequency of asocial learning. ; correspondence: Corresponding author. Tel.: +441913346130; fax: +441913341615. (Kendal, Jeremy) ; jeremy.kendal@durham.ac.uk (Kendal, Jeremy) ; Department of Anthropology, University of Durham - Dawson Building--> , South Road--> , Durham--> , DH1 3LE--> - UNITED KINGDOM (Kendal, Jeremy) ; UNITED KINGDOM (Kendal, Jeremy) ; Departement des sciences biologiques, Universite du Quebec a Montreal - Montreal H3C 3P8--> - CANADA (Giraldeau, Luc-Alain) ; School of Biology, University of St. Andrews - Bute Medical Building--> , Queen's Terrace--> , St. Andrews--> , Fife--> , KY16 9TS--> - UNITED KINGDOM (Laland, Kevin) ; CANADA ; UNITED KINGDOM ; Received: 2008-11-07 ; Revised: 2009-05-08 ; Accepted: 2009-05-08
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Keyword:
Conformity; Cultural evolution; Gene-culture coevolution; Social learning; Social learning strategy
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URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.05.029
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/49020
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A Study of EFL Freshmen’s English Learning Strategies in Southern Taiwan
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