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1
Stress Effects on Stop Bursts in Five Languages
Abstract: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. ; This study examines the effects of stress on the stop burst in five languages differing in number of places of articulation, as reflected in burst duration, spectral centre of gravity, and ­spectral standard deviation. The languages studied are English (three places of articulation /p t k/), the Indonesian language Makasar (four places /p t c k/), and the Central Australian languages ­Pitjantjatjara, Warlpiri (both five places /p t ʈ c k/), and Arrernte (six places /p t̪ t ʈ c k/). We find that languages differ in how they manifest stress on the consonant, with Makasar not ­showing any effect of stress at all, and Warlpiri showing an effect on burst duration, but not on the ­spectral measures. For the other languages, the velar /k/ has a “darker” quality (i.e., lower spectral centre of gravity), and/or a less diffuse spectrum (i.e., lower standard deviation) under stress; while the alveolar /t/ has a “lighter” quality under stress. In addition, the dental /t̪/ has a more diffuse spectrum under stress. We suggest that this involves enhancement of the features [grave] and [diffuse] under stress, with velars being [+grave] and [–diffuse], alveolars being [–grave], and dentals being [+diffuse]. We discuss the various possible spectral effects of enhancement of these features. Finally, in the languages with five or six places of articulation, the stop burst is longer only for the palatal /c/ and the velar /k/, which have intrinsically long burst durations, and not for the anterior coronals /t̪ t ʈ/, which have intrinsically short burst durations. We suggest that in these systems, [burst duration] is a feature that separates these two groups of consonants.
Keyword: acoustic features; articulatory prosody; Australian languages; Indonesian languages; stop bursts
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2328/37256
https://doi.org/10.5334/labphon.38
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2
Word production inconsistency of Singaporean-English-speaking adolescents with Down Syndrome
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3
The Big Australian Speech Corpus (The Big ASC)
Chetty, Girija; Cassidy, Stephen; Butcher, Andrew Richard. - : Causal Productions, 2010
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4
A blueprint for a comprehensive Australian English auditory-visual speech corpus
Ishihara, Shunichi; Fletcher, Janet Mary; Kemp, Nenagh. - : Cascadilla Proceedings Project, 2009
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5
Linguistic aspects of Australian Aboriginal English
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6
Coarticulation in nasal and lateral clusters in Warlpiri
Butcher, Andrew Richard; Fletcher, Janet Mary; Loakes, Deborah Elizabeth. - : International Speech Communication Association, 2008
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7
The vowels of Australian Aboriginal English
Butcher, Andrew Richard; Anderson, Victoria B. - : International Speech Communication Association, 2008
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8
Phonetically pre-stopped laterals in Australian languages: a preliminary investigation of Warlpiri
Butcher, Andrew Richard; Stoakes, Hywel; Fletcher, Janet Mary. - : Causal Productions [for] International Speech Communication Association, 2008
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9
Spectral and durational properties of vowels in Kunwinjku.
Butcher, Andrew Richard; Stoakes, Hywel; Loakes, Deborah. - : Saarland University, 2007
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10
An acoustic and articulatory study of Bininj Gun-wok stop consonants
Stoakes, Hywel; Butcher, Andrew Richard; Fletcher, Janet. - : Saarland University, 2007
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11
Development of a modified diagnostic classification system for voice disorders with inter-rater reliability study
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12
Articulatory variability of intervocalic stop articulation in Bininj Gun-Wok
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13
Australian Aboriginal Languages: Consonant-Salient Phonologies and the 'Place-of-Articulation Imperative'
Butcher, Andrew Richard. - : Psychology Press, 2006
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14
'Fortis/Lenis' Revisited one more time: The aerodynamics of some oral stop contrasts in three continents
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15
On the back of the tongue: dorsal sounds in Australian languages
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16
VC vs CV syllables: a comparison of Aboriginal languages with English
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17
An acoustic and articulatory analysis of focus and the word/morpheme boundary distinction in Warlpiri
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18
Local and global influences on vowel formants in three Australian languages.
Butcher, Andrew Richard; Fletcher, Janet Mary. - : Causal Productions Pty Ltd, 2003
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19
An instrumental analysis of focus and juncture in Warlpiri
Butcher, Andrew Richard; Harrington, J. - : Causal Productions, 2003
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