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The Yin and the Yang of Prediction: An fMRI Study of Semantic Predictive Processing
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Abstract:
Probabilistic prediction plays a crucial role in language comprehension. When predictions are fulfilled, the resulting facilitation allows for fast, efficient processing of ambiguous, rapidly-unfolding input; when predictions are not fulfilled, the resulting error signal allows us to adapt to broader statistical changes in this input. We used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to examine the neuroanatomical networks engaged in semantic predictive processing and adaptation. We used a relatedness proportion semantic priming paradigm, in which we manipulated the probability of predictions while holding local semantic context constant. Under conditions of higher (versus lower) predictive validity, we replicate previous observations of reduced activity to semantically predictable words in the left anterior superior/middle temporal cortex, reflecting facilitated processing of targets that are consistent with prior semantic predictions. In addition, under conditions of higher (versus lower) predictive validity we observed significant differences in the effects of semantic relatedness within the left inferior frontal gyrus and the posterior portion of the left superior/middle temporal gyrus. We suggest that together these two regions mediated the suppression of unfulfilled semantic predictions and lexico-semantic processing of unrelated targets that were inconsistent with these predictions. Moreover, under conditions of higher (versus lower) predictive validity, a functional connectivity analysis showed that the left inferior frontal and left posterior superior/middle temporal gyrus were more tightly interconnected with one another, as well as with the left anterior cingulate cortex. The left anterior cingulate cortex was, in turn, more tightly connected to superior lateral frontal cortices and subcortical regions—a network that mediates rapid learning and adaptation and that may have played a role in switching to a more predictive mode of processing in response to the statistical structure of the wider environmental context. Together, these findings highlight close links between the networks mediating semantic prediction, executive function and learning, giving new insights into how our brains are able to flexibly adapt to our environment. ; Version of Record
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Keyword:
Anatomy; Bioassays and Physiological Analysis; Biology and Life Sciences; Brain; Brain Electrophysiology; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex; Cingulate Cortex; Clinical Neurophysiology; Conceptual Semantics; Diagnostic Medicine; Diagnostic Radiology; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiological Techniques; Electrophysiology; Event-Related Potentials; Forecasting; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Hematology; Hemodynamics; Imaging Techniques; Linguistics; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetoencephalography; Mathematical and Statistical Techniques; Mathematics; Medicine and Health Sciences; Neuroimaging; Neurophysiology; Neuroscience; Occipital Lobe; Physical Sciences; Physiology; Radiology and Imaging; Semantics; Social Sciences; Statistical Methods; Statistics (Mathematics)
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URL: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:26318647
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148637
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Establishing New Mappings between Familiar Phones: Neural and Behavioral Evidence for Early Automatic Processing of Nonnative Contrasts
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Automatic Semantic Facilitation in Anterior Temporal Cortex Revealed through Multimodal Neuroimaging
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