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A Grammar of Gurindji : As spoken by Violet Wadrill, Ronnie Wavehill, Dandy Danbayarri, Biddy Wavehill, Topsy Dodd Ngarnjal, Long Johnny Kijngayarri, Banjo Ryan, Pincher Nyurrmiari and Blanche Bulngari
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DNB Subject Category Language
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Global predictors of language endangerment and the future of linguistic diversity
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In: Nat Ecol Evol (2021)
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Which MATter matters in PATtern borrowing? The direction of case syncretisms
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Lend me your verbs: verb borrowing between Jingulu and Mudburra
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Holding the mirror up to converted languages: two grammars, one lexicon
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Abstract:
Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: This article describes an unusual result of language contact occurring in North-Central Australia, where extensive long-term contact between speakers of the genetically unrelated Jingulu and Mudburra has resulted in a high degree of lexical borrowing, with little if any change to syntactic or morphological structure in either language. What is particularly unusual about this borrowing is that it is bidirectional, with almost equal numbers of words being borrowed from Jingulu into Mudburra as vice versa. This situation mirrors that of converted languages, where two varieties have come to share a grammar through contact, but retain separate lexicons. Design/methodology/approach: We use a comparative database to establish the direction of noun borrowings between these languages. Data and analysis: The comparative database consists of 871 nouns shared by Jingulu and Mudburra and also includes 571 corresponding nouns from a number of geographically and phylogenetically neighbouring languages: Wambaya, Gurindji, Jaminjung, Jaru, Warlmanpa and Warumungu. Findings/conclusions: We show that for nouns alone, Mudburra and Jingulu share 65% of their forms. What makes the Jingulu-Mudburra situation even more unusual is the relatively balanced bidirectional nature of borrowings, with 32% of shared nouns originating in Mudburra and 24.5% from Jingulu (for the remaining 43.5%, direction of borrowing could not be determined). Originality: We suggest that that this situation of bidirectional borrowing represents a hitherto unreported type of language hybridisation scenario, which we dub ‘lexical convergence’. Significance/implications: We claim that this unusual situation is the result of long-term cohabitation of the two groups, a shared cultural life and relative socio-political equality between the two groups. We venture that these may be requisite to the sort of extensive bidirectional borrowing and maintenance of individual grammatical systems found in lexical convergence more generally.
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Keyword:
1203 Language and Linguistics; 3304 Education; 3310 Linguistics and Language; Australian languages; Borrowing; converted languages; Jingulu; mixed languages; Mudburra
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URL: https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:a75eeef
https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:a75eeef/thumbnail_MeakinsPensalfini2020_t.jpg
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Fickle fricatives: Fricative and stop perception in Gurindji Kriol, Roper Kriol, and Standard Australian English
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Songs from the Stations: Wajarra as Performed by Ronnie Wavehill Wirrpnga, Topsy Dodd Ngarnjal and Dandy Danbayarri at Kalkaringi (front matter and introduction)
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Gender lender: noun borrowings between Jingulu and Mudburra in northern Australia
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The Development of Phonological Stratification: Evidence from Stop Voicing Perception in Gurindji Kriol and Roper Kriol
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Dis, that and da other: variation in Aboriginal children's article and demonstrative use at school
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