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文化人類学者の誕生 : R. ベネディクトの「ジャーナルの断片1915年〜1934年」 ; Birth of an Anthropologist : R. Benedict's 'Journal Fragments from 1915 to 1934'
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出来事の認識の違いに起因する英語と日本語の言語表現の違い : 翻訳における例 ; Differences in Japanese and English Expressions Due to Differences in How Events are Construed : Examples from Translation
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翻訳のプロセス : 起点テクストの首尾一貫性を探る ; Making Sense of the Source Text in the Process of Translation
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[翻訳] ルース・ベネディクト「平原インディアンの文化における幻視」 : 文化の多様性を探る ; Ruth Benedict's "The Vision in Plains Culture"
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[研究ノート] ルース・ベネディクトの「模索時代 (1920-1930年)」の解説に表れるマーガレット・ミードの私的見解 ; Margaret Mead's Personal View of Ruth Benedict Found in "Search : 1920-1930"
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通訳翻訳学の諸問題と大学院通訳翻訳学プログラムが目指すこと ; Aims and Challenges of an MA Program in Translation Studies
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アメリカにおける戦後の異文化研究 ; Research in Cultural Diversities in Postwar U.S.A.
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社会科学の目的と「自由」に関する考察 ; The Goal of Social Science and the Definition of “Freedom”
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翻訳 「ボアズの片腕としての歳月」に見るミードの想い ; A Translation of Margaret Mead’s Article on Ruth Benedict’s Years as Franz Boas’ Left Hand
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翻訳を通して文化が規定するアブノーマルの概念を考える ; Examining How Culture Shapes the Concept of Abnormal -through Translating the Works of Ruth Benedict
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ルース・ベネディクトによる「アポロ型」と「ディオニソス型」の概念についての一考察 ; Revisiting Benedict’s Definition of Apollonian and Dionysian Types
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Anthropologist at Work にみるルース・ベネディクトの肖像 ; Understanding Ruth Benedict through Anthropologist at Work
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Postcards from New Zealand: Collaborative Teaching between Friends
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Investigating the Psychological Reality of Conceptual Metaphors
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Conceptual Metaphors Underlying the Semantic Extensions of the English Demonstratives THIS and THAT ; 英語指示詞This/Thatの意味拡張を動機付けている概念メタファー
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Translation and understanding: mental models as an interface in the process of translation
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Abstract:
This thesis discusses two characteristics of language which affect translation, using English and Japanese examples. However, the general points made in the thesis are not specific to these two languages. One characteristic of language is that it encodes particular perceptions of experience by its users. Word meaning is defined in this thesis in terms of the typical experience the language user associates with a word. Concepts for which there are no single lexical items are encoded by putting together words which the speaker thinks best characterise the concept. This particular characterisation of a concept may become established in the language community. If the members of a language community form a habit of characterising a concept in a particular way, it may become difficult to perceive the concept in any other way. In translation, this may lead the translator to impose characterizations established in her own language on the other language. However, such difficulties can be overcome because of the creative capacity of people everywhere to learn new ways to perceive the world. And language provides the mechanism to encode such novel perception. This is the other characteristic of language discussed in this thesis. We can use an existing word to encode a new kind of experience which we perceive as having some connection with the kind of experience associated with the word. Such novel application of a word can be understood because upon hearing the word, the typical experience associated with the word is evoked in the hearer's mind, and using her knowledge, the hearer constructs a mental model which she thinks best accounts for the combination of experiences evoked in her mind by the linguistic forms. Defining word meaning and sentence meaning in terms of mental images allows us to understand the process of translation: Upon hearing/reading the source language text, the translator constructs a mental model based on the text. She then bases her translation on this mental model, which becomes a rich source of information. Because the translator is not moving directly from one language to the other, no direct correspondences between the linguistic forms of the two languages need to be sought. This also explains why it is relatively easy to translate between two languages whose users share similar experiences and therefore can build similar mental models, even if the languages are typologically very different from each other.
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Keyword:
Fields of Research::420000 Language and Culture::420100 Language Studies::420115 Japanese
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URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2312
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