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The genetic architecture of oral language, reading fluency, and reading comprehension : A twin study from 7 to 16 years
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The Genetic Architecture of Oral Language, Reading Fluency, and Reading Comprehension: A Twin Study From 7 to 16 Years
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Abstract:
This study examines the genetic and environmental etiology underlying the development of oral language and reading skills, and the relationship between them, over a long period of developmental time spanning middle childhood and adolescence. It focuses particularly on the differential relationship between language and two different aspects of reading: reading fluency and reading comprehension. Structural equation models were applied to language and reading data at 7, 12, and 16 years from the large-scale TEDS twin study. A series of multivariate twin models show a clear patterning of oral language with reading comprehension, as distinct from reading fluency: significant but moderate genetic overlap between oral language and reading fluency (genetic correlation rg = .46–.58 at 7, 12, and 16) contrasts with very substantial genetic overlap between oral language and reading comprehension (rg = .81–.87, at 12 and 16). This pattern is even clearer in a latent factors model, fit to the data aggregated across ages, in which a single factor representing oral language and reading comprehension is correlated with—but distinct from—a second factor representing reading fluency. A distinction between oral language and reading fluency is also apparent in different developmental trajectories: While the heritability of oral language increases over the period from 7 to 12 to 16 years (from h2 = .27 to .47 to .55), the heritability of reading fluency is high and largely stable over the same period of time (h2 = .73 to .71 to .64).
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Keyword:
Children's Cognitive and Social-Cognitive Development
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URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28541066 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5444555/ https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000297
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Fine mapping genetic associations between the HLA region and extremely high intelligence
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Socioeconomic status and the growth of intelligence from infancy through adolescence
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Why does parental language input style predict child language development? A twin study of gene–environment correlation
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Details of Genomewide Association Results, Protocol, Statistical Analysis, and Additional References (Harlaar et al., 2014) ...
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Details of Genomewide Association Results, Protocol, Statistical Analysis, and Additional References (Harlaar et al., 2014) ...
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Language impairment from 4 to 12 years : : prediction and etiology
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Common variation near ROBO2 is associated with expressive vocabulary in infancy
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Common variation near ROBO2 is associated with expressive vocabulary in infancy
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Genome-Wide Association Study of Receptive Language Ability of 12-Year-Olds
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The high heritability of educational achievement reflects many genetically influenced traits, not just intelligence
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Genome-wide association study of receptive language ability of 12-year-olds
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Common variation near ROBO2 is associated with expressive vocabulary in infancy
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Genome-wide association study of receptive language ability of 12-year-olds
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Common variation near ROBO2 is associated with expressive vocabulary in infancy
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Childhood intelligence is heritable, highly polygenic and associated with FNBP1L
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