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A Review of the Asymmetric Numeral System and Its Applications to Digital Images
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In: Entropy; Volume 24; Issue 3; Pages: 375 (2022)
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Abstract:
The Asymmetric Numeral System (ANS) is a new entropy compression method that the industry has highly valued in recent years. ANS is valued by the industry precisely because it captures the benefits of both Huffman Coding and Arithmetic Coding. Surprisingly, compared with Huffman and Arithmetic coding, systematic descriptions of ANS are relatively rare. In 2017, JPEG proposed a new image compression standard—JPEG XL, which uses ANS as its entropy compression method. This fact implies that the ANS technique is mature and will play a kernel role in compressing digital images. However, because the realization of ANS involves combination optimization and the process is not unique, only a few members in the compression academia community and the domestic industry have noticed the progress of this powerful entropy compression approach. Therefore, we think a thorough overview of ANS is beneficial, and this idea brings our contributions to the first part of this work. In addition to providing compact representations, ANS has the following prominent feature: just like its Arithmetic Coding counterpart, ANS has Chaos characteristics. The chaotic behavior of ANS is reflected in two aspects. The first one is that the corresponding compressed output will change a lot if there is a tiny change in the original input; moreover, the reverse is also applied. The second is that ANS compressing an image will produce two intertwined outcomes: a positive integer (aka. state) and a bitstream segment. Correct ANS decompression is possible only when both can be precisely obtained. Combining these two characteristics helps process digital images, e.g., art collection images and medical images, to achieve compression and encryption simultaneously. In the second part of this work, we explore the characteristics of ANS in depth and develop its applications specific to joint compression and encryption of digital images.
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Keyword:
arithmetic coding; Asymmetric Numeral System; entropy encoding; Huffman coding; joint image compression and encryption
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URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/e24030375
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| 2 |
The contributions of phonological awareness and decoding on spelling in isiXhosa Grade 3 readers ...
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| 3 |
An ERP investigation of transposed-word effects in same-different matching
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In: ISSN: 0028-3932 ; EISSN: 1873-3514 ; Neuropsychologia ; https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03226383 ; Neuropsychologia, Elsevier, 2021, 153, ⟨10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107753⟩ (2021)
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| 4 |
Das Patristische Textarchiv (PTA) : Kritische Editionen antiker christlicher Texte im 21. Jahrhundert
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| 5 |
The Mapping of Deep Language Models on Brain Responses Primarily Depends on their Performance
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In: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03361439 ; 2021 (2021)
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| 6 |
Auditory and visual short-term memory: Influence of material type, contour, and musical expertise
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In: ISSN: 0340-0727 ; EISSN: 1430-2772 ; Psychological Research ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03384372 ; Psychological Research, Springer Verlag, In press, ⟨10.1007/s00426-021-01519-0⟩ (2021)
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| 8 |
Creating and analyzing multilingual parliamentary corpora ; Creating and analyzing multilingual parliamentary corpora: Research Data Management Workflows Volume 1
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In: https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03366486 ; 2021 (2021)
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| 9 |
Early Analogical Extensions: An ERP Study on Preschoolers' Semantic Approximations
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In: 43rd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03443188 ; 43rd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 2021, Virtual meeting, France (2021)
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| 10 |
Early Analogical Extensions: An ERP Study on Preschoolers' Semantic Approximations
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In: 43rd annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society ; https://hal-univ-paris8.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03266957 ; 43rd annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Jun 2021, Vienne (virtual), Austria (2021)
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| 11 |
Early analogical extensions: An ERP Study on preschoolers'semantic approxinmations
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In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 43(43) ; Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03409631 ; Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Jul 2021, Vienna, Austria (2021)
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| 12 |
Building, Encoding, and Annotating a Corpus of Parliamentary Debates in XML-TEI: A Cross-Linguistic Account
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In: ISSN: 2162-5603 ; EISSN: 2162-5603 ; Journal of the Text Encoding Initiative ; https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03097333 ; Journal of the Text Encoding Initiative, TEI Consortium, 2021 (2021)
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| 13 |
Expanding the content model of annotationBlock
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In: Next Gen TEI, 2021 - TEI Conference and Members’ Meeting ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03380805 ; Next Gen TEI, 2021 - TEI Conference and Members’ Meeting, Oct 2021, Virtual, United States (2021)
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| 17 |
European Literary Text Collection (ELTeC): April 2021 release with 14 collections of at least 50 novels. ...
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| 18 |
European Literary Text Collection (ELTeC): April 2021 release with 14 collections of at least 50 novels. ...
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| 19 |
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Reading and Writing Interventions for Students with Disorders of Intellectual Development
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In: Education Sciences ; Volume 11 ; Issue 10 (2021)
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| 20 |
Les absents des dictionnaires bilingues ... : Le cas des dictionnaire hébreu-français ...
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