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All fields Title Creator / Publisher Keyword Year AND OR AND NOT All fields Title Creator / Publisher Keyword Year AND OR AND NOT All fields Title Creator / Publisher Keyword Year AND OR AND NOT All fields Title Creator / Publisher Keyword Year AND OR AND NOT All fields Title Creator / Publisher Keyword Year Sort by creator [A → Z]' creator [Z → A]' publishing year ↑ (asc)' publishing year ↓ (desc)' title [A → Z]' title [Z → A]' Simple Search Page: 1 2 Hits 1 – 20 of 31 1 Spontaneous nasalization: An articulatory investigation of glottal consonants in Thai Johnson, Sarah Ellen. - 2019 BASE Show details 2 A sensorimotor basis of speech communication Bryan, Jacob. - 2019 BASE Show details 3 The phonetic correlates of pharyngealization and pharyngealization spread patterns in Cairene Arabic an acoustic and real-time magnetic resonance imaging study Hermes, Zainab. - 2018 BASE Show details 4 Contrast preservation and constraints on individual phonetic variation Eager, Christopher David. - 2017 Abstract: Ferdinand de Saussure, one of the founders of modern Linguistics, described language as a system where everything holds together. Regarding the sounds of language, this has led to the current view that the phonology of a language consists of a complex system of relations between contrastive phonemes. In this dissertation, I test whether there are constraints on individual phonetic variation from a multivariate perspective due to this system of relations, and how these constraints interact with contrast preservation. Two main views of contrast preservation are considered. The first view is that contrast preservation is merely an outcome of other regular phonetic processes that affect multiple consonants simultaneously. The second view is that contrast preservation acts as a constraint on the phonetic realization of phonemes. To this end, two phonetic experiments are performed. In both experiments, multiple acoustic measures of intervocalic consonant strength are taken, and PCA is used for dimensionality reduction, resulting in measures of overall consonant strength. These measures are then analyzed with Bayesian linear mixed effects regression (using weakly informative priors and maximal random effects structures) in order to obtain distributional information about both populations and individual speakers. In the first experiment, word-medial intervocalic /s/ and /f/ are compared for Valladolid Spanish and Barcelona Catalan. Both Catalan and Spanish have the fricatives /s/ and /f/, neither has /v/ contrasting with /f/, and only Catalan has /z/ contrasting with /s/. The results show that Catalan /s/ is stronger than Spanish /s/, but there is no evidence for a difference between the two language’s /f/ strengths, with strong evidence that the magnitude of the difference between Catalan and Spanish /s/ is larger than the magnitude of the difference between Catalan and Spanish /f/. I argue that these results are consistent with a role for contrast preservation as a constraint, with Catalan having stronger /s/ than Spanish because lenition of Catalan /s/ causes phonetic overlap with a contrasting phoneme, while lenition of Spanish /s/ does not. In the second experiment, the simultaneous lenition of Spanish intervocalic /ptk/ and /bdg/ in three dialects (Cuzco, Peru; Lima, Peru; and Valladolid, Spain) is examined. Cuzco is found to have the strongest productions for both /ptk/ and /bdg/, Lima the weakest for both, and Valladolid in between for both. That is, the same hierarchy of strength applies in both cases, though the evidence for the difference between Valladolid and Lima /ptk/ is considerably weaker than the evidence for the other differences. I argue that the results are consistent with constraints on multivariate variation at the dialectal level, but that further research is required to see how constraints at the individual level relate to population differences. Examining individual variation in both experiments, I find that the degree to which an individual speaker lenites /f/ is correlated with the degree to which they lenite /s/, and that the degree to which they lenite /ptk/ is correlated with both the degree to which they lenite /bdg/ and the degree to which they lenite /sf/. These correlations represent a significant constraint on individual phonetic variation from a multivariate perspective. While a connection between individuals’ /ptk/ and /bdg/ lenitions can be explained by both the constraint and outcome views of contrast preservation, the correlation between /sf/ and /ptk/ and the correlation between /s/ and /f/ lend support to the outcome view, and Catalan having stronger /s/ than Spanish but not stronger /f/ lends support to the constraint view. I argue for a framework in which acoustic lenition in a variety of intervocalic consonants may share a common articulatory source of lenition, giving rise to constraints on individual phonetic variation that may lead to contrast preservation as an outcome, but where there may additionally be a role for contrast preservation as a constraint. I conclude by discussing the importance of further acoustic studies that use the methodologies employed here, and studies that explore the articulatory and perceptual implications of the results. In the first experiment, word-medial intervocalic /s/ and /f/ are compared for Valladolid Spanish and Barcelona Catalan. Both Catalan and Spanish have the fricatives /s/ and /f/, neither has /v/ contrasting with /f/, and only Catalan has /z/ contrasting with /s/. The results show that Catalan /s/ is stronger than Spanish /s/, but there is no evidence for a difference between the two language’s /f/ strengths, with strong evidence that the magnitude of the difference between Catalan and Spanish /s/ is larger than the magnitude of the difference between Catalan and Spanish /f/. I argue that these results are consistent with a role for contrast preservation as a constraint, with Catalan having stronger /s/ than Spanish because lenition of Catalan /s/ causes phonetic overlap with a contrasting phoneme, while lenition of Spanish /s/ does not. In the second experiment, the simultaneous lenition of Spanish intervocalic /ptk/ and /bdg/ in three dialects (Cuzco, Peru; Lima, Peru; and Valladolid, Spain) is examined. Cuzco is found to have the strongest productions for both /ptk/ and /bdg/, Lima the weakest for both, and Valladolid in between for both. That is, the same hierarchy of strength applies in both cases, though the evidence for the difference between Valladolid and Lima /ptk/ is considerably weaker than the evidence for the other differences. I argue that the results are consistent with constraints on multivariate variation at the dialectal level, but that further research is required to see how constraints at the individual level relate to population differences. Examining individual variation in both experiments, I find that the degree to which an individual speaker lenites /f/ is correlated with the degree to which they lenite /s/, and that the degree to which they lenite /ptk/ is correlated with both the degree to which they lenite /bdg/ and the degree to which they lenite /sf/. These correlations represent a significant constraint on individual phonetic variation from a multivariate perspective. While a connection between individuals’ /ptk/ and /bdg/ lenitions can be explained by both the constraint and outcome views of contrast preservation, the correlation between /sf/ and /ptk/ and the correlation between /s/ and /f/ lend support to the outcome view, and Catalan having stronger /s/ than Spanish but not stronger /f/ lends support to the constraint view. I argue for a framework in which acoustic lenition in a variety of intervocalic consonants may share a common articulatory source of lenition, giving rise to constraints on individual phonetic variation which may lead to contrast preservation as an outcome, but where there may additionally be a role for contrast preservation as a constraint. I conclude by discussing the importance of further acoustic studies which use the methodologies employed here, and studies which explore the articulatory and perceptual implications of the results. Keyword: Chain shift; Contrast preservation; Dialect differences; Individual variation; Phonetics; Phonology; Spanish URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/97345 BASE Hide details 5 Investigating sources of phonological rarity and instability: a study of the palatal lateral approximant in Brazilian Portuguese Wong, Nicole Wannie. - 2017 BASE Show details 6 Modeling of oropharyngeal articulatory adaptation to compensate for the acoustic effects of nasalization Rong, Panying; Kuehn, David P.; Shosted, Ryan K.. - : Acoustical Society of America, 2017 BASE Show details 7 Effects of auditory feedback and real-time visual feedback on second language tone learning Ning, Li-Hsin. - 2014 BASE Show details 8 When nasal is more than nasal: the oral articulation of nasal vowels in two dialects of French Carignan, Christopher. - 2013 BASE Show details 9 Intonation in Indian English and Hindi late and simultaneous bilinguals Puri, Vandana. - 2013 BASE Show details 10 Modeling temporal coordination in speech production using an artificial central pattern generator neural network Rusaw, Erin. - 2013 BASE Show details 11 The effects of lexical stress, intonational pitch accent, and speech rate on vowel quality in Catalan and Spanish Nadeu Rota, Marianna. - 2013 BASE Show details 12 The submorphemic structure of Amharic: toward a phonosemantic analysis Ayalew, Bezza. - 2013 BASE Show details 13 Palatal complexity revisited: an electropalatographic analysis of /ŋ/ in Brazilian Portuguese with comparison to Peninsular Spanish Scarpace, Daniel; Hualde, José Ignacio; Shosted, Ryan K. In: Language and speech. - London [u.a.] : Sage Publ. 55 (2012) 4, 477-502 BLLDB OLC Linguistik Show details 14 Using articulatory adjustment to compensate for hypernasality - a modeling study based on measures of electromagnetic articulography (EMA) Rong, Panying. - 2012 BASE Show details 15 Affricating ejective fricatives: the case of Tigrinya Shosted, Ryan K.; Rose, Sharon In: International Phonetic Association. Journal of the International Phonetic Association. - Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press 41 (2011) 1, 41-65 BLLDB OLC Linguistik Show details 16 An articulatory-aerodynamic approach to stop excrescence Shosted, Ryan K. In: Journal of phonetics. - Amsterdam : Elsevier 39 (2011) 4, 660-667 BLLDB OLC Linguistik Show details 17 Compensatory articulation in American English nasalized vowels Shosted, Ryan K.; Shih, Chilin; Carignan, Christopher... In: Journal of phonetics. - Amsterdam : Elsevier 39 (2011) 4, 668-682 BLLDB OLC Linguistik Show details 18 Computational differences between whispered and non-whispered speech Lim, Boon Pang. - 2011 BASE Show details 19 Coordinating voicing onset with articulation: a potential role for sensory cues in shaping phonological distinctions Shosted, Ryan K.; De Nil, Luc F.; Loucks, Torrey M. J.... In: Phonetica. - Berlin : De Gruyter Mouton 67 (2010) 1-2, 47-62 BLLDB OLC Linguistik Show details 20 Prosody production and perception with conversational speech Mo, Yoonsook. - 2010 BASE Show details Page: 1 2

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