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Aproximación al tratamiento de las paremias como pragmatemas y sus posibles aplicaciones ; Approach to the study of paroemias as pragmatemes and their possible aplications
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Caño Laguna, Almudena. - : Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Filología Española, Lingüística General y Teoría de la Literatura, 2021
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Abstract:
Las paremias se definen como expresiones que representan un conocimiento social o cultural compartido en la comunicación y se pueden manifestar de diferentes formas, entre otros en refranes, proverbios y aforismos. Por definición, las diferentes representaciones paremiológicas se asocian a la comunicación o a la cadena discursiva, pero el trabajo fraseológico y algunas de sus aplicaciones abandonan esta visión para enfocarla al estudio de su composición formal o a su representación en la literatura. No abundan los enfoques basados en el contexto comunicativo, a pesar de que resultan especialmente necesarios en la enseñanza en secundaria o en la Enseñanza de Español como Lengua Extranjera (E/LE). Este trabajo pretende sumar en ese sentido con un estudio paremiológico desde un enfoque basado en la Teoría Sentido-Texto. Este modelo permite asociar algunas paremias a determinados contextos extralingüísticos bajo el concepto de pragmatema y en nuestro trabajo hemos querido averiguar qué condiciones son necesarias para que esta asociación tenga lugar, Para comprobar que las asociaciones entre las paremias y sus contextos de uso son apropiadas, se realizan tres pruebas a un total de 154 informantes, todos ellos hablantes de español como lengua materna. En estas pruebas se extraen las paremias más representativas en el conocimiento colectivo, se asocian tanto a definiciones extraídas de diferentes diccionarios fraseológicos como a diferentes contextos relacionados con la interpretación de la propia paremia y con las restricciones de uso según el grado de confianza en la relación jerárquica entre los hablantes. También se tienen en cuenta en el análisis estadístico variables independientes como la edad y el lugar de procedencia de los hablantes, además de la frecuencia de uso de paremias en la conversación. Con los resultados obtenidos, se puede considerar que algunas de esas paremias pueden ser consideradas pragmatemas y, por lo tanto, pueden modificarse sus aplicaciones basándolas en el conocimiento contextual. Además, estos resultados permiten ampliar los horizontes de estudio, pudiendo analizar las paremias desde perspectivas contextuales y, a su vez, dando lugar a una clave para profundizar en el concepto pragmatema. ; Paroemias are defined as expressions representing a shared knowledge in communication that take on many different forms, such as sayings, proverbs or aphorisms, among others. By definition, paremiological representations are associated with discourse and communication. However, studies on phraseology and some of its implementations focus rather on the form of paroemias or their depiction in literature. This work aims at addressing the study of paroemias from the approach of the Meaning-Text Theory, according to which lexical constructions can be associated with given extralinguistic contexts under the term pragmateme. Thus, paroemias might be considered pragmatemes. As a consequence, paremiologic applications (e.g. teaching Spanish as a Foreign Language (EL2/EFL) or secondary education) might be approached from a perspective based on the communicative act. To check for the appropriateness of the associations between paroemias and their context of use, three tests were administered to a total of 154 participants, all of them Spanish native speakers. The most representative paroemias in the shared knowledge are extracted from these tests, where paroemias are associated with definitions extracted from several phraseologic dictionaries. They are also associated with different contexts related to the interpretation of the paroemia itself and with the use restrictions, according to the degree of confidence in the hierarchical relationship among speakers. Furthermore, statistical analyses considered independent variables such as the participants’ age and the place of residence, together with the frequency of use of paroemias in conversation. Results suggest that some paroemias might be considered pragmatemes and, therefore, their use applications might be modified based on contextual knowledge. Moreover, results allow to broaden research horizons (since paroemias can be analyzed from a different perspective) and provide a key to deepen into the concept of pragmateme.
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Keyword:
Educación secundaria; EFL; ELE; Fraseología; Lengua Española; Lingüística General; Paremia; Paremiology; Phraseology; Pragmatema; Pragmateme; Secondary education
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URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10045/121944 https://doi.org/10.14198/ELUA.2021.36.07
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