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Distinct neural signatures of schizotypy and psychopathy during visual word-nonword recognition
Abstract: Data availability statement: The data used in this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. ; Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Previous behavioural data indicate lower word-nonword recognition accuracy in association with a high level of positive schizotypy, psychopathy, or motor impulsivity traits, each with some unique contribution, in the general population. This study aimed to examine the neural underpinnings of these associations using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a volunteer sample. Twenty-two healthy English-speaking adults completed self-report measures of schizotypy (Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences [O-LIFE]), psychopathy (Triarchic Psychopathy Measure [TriPM]), and impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale [BIS-11]) and underwent whole-brain fMRI while performing a lexical decision task (LDT) featuring high and low-frequency words, real nonwords, and pseudohomophones. Higher positive schizotypy (Unusual Experiences) was associated with lower cerebellum activity during identification of low-frequency words (over real nonwords). Higher Boldness (fearless dominance) and Meanness (callous aggression) facets of psychopathy were associated with lower striatal and posterior cingulate activity when identifying nonwords over words. Higher Motor Impulsivity was associated with lower activity in the fusiform (bilaterally), inferior frontal (right-sided), and temporal gyri (bilaterally) across all stimuli-types over resting baseline. Positive schizotypy, psychopathy, and impulsivity traits influence word-nonword recognition through distinct neurocognitive mechanisms. Positive schizotypy and psychopathy appear to influence LDT performance through brain areas that play only a supportive (cerebellum) or indirect role in reading-related skills. The negative association between Motor Impulsivity and activations typically found for phonological processing and automatic word identification indicates a reduced bilateral integration of the meaning and sound of mental word representations, and inability to select the appropriate outputs, in impulsive individuals. ; This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
Keyword: lexical decision; motor impulsivity; psychopathy; reading; schizotypy
URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25872
https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/24459
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2
Do moral representations differ in individuals high in psychopathy? ...
Primikiris, Alexandros. - : Open Science Framework, 2022
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3
Clarifying the Roles of Schizotypy and Psychopathic Traits in Lexical Decision Performance
Vanova, M; Aldridge-Waddon, L; Jennings, B. - : Elsevier, 2021
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4
Fifty shades of darkness: A socio-cognitive information-processing framework applied to narcissism and psychopathy
Lopes, Barbara; Yu, Hui; Bortolon, Catherine. - : Taylor & Francis Online, 2021
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5
Developmental Sequelae in Language, Empathy, Self-Control, and Psychopathy from Infancy to Middle Adolescence
In: Theses and Dissertations--Family Sciences (2019)
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6
Agreeableness, antagonism, and mental health across cultures
In: The Handbook of Antagonism Conceptualizations, Assessment, Consequences, and Treatment of the Low End of Agreeableness, pp. 97-107 (2019)
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7
Psychopaths Online: The Linguistic Traces of Psychopathy in Email, Text Messaging and Facebook
In: Media and Communication ; 6 ; 3 ; 83-92 ; Multidisciplinary Studies in Media and Communication (2018)
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8
Psychopathic Personality Traits as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Social Intelligence and Relational Aggression
In: Master's Theses (2018)
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9
The dark triad: examining judgement accuracy, the role of vulnerability, and linguistic style in interpersonal perception.
Chung, Kai Li. - 2017
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10
Metaanalysis of psychoanalysis ...
Poleev, Andrej. - : Zenodo, 2016
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11
Metaanalysis of psychoanalysis ...
Poleev, Andrej. - : Zenodo, 2016
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12
Metaanalysis of psychoanalysis ...
Poleev, Andrej. - : Zenodo, 2016
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13
Metaanalysis of psychoanalysis ...
Poleev, Andrej. - : Zenodo, 2016
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14
Metaanalysis of psychoanalysis ...
Poleev, Andrej. - : Zenodo, 2016
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15
Metaanalysis of psychoanalysis ...
Poleev, Andrej. - : Zenodo, 2016
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16
Metaanalysis of psychoanalysis ...
Poleev, Andrej. - : Zenodo, 2016
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17
Metaanalysis of psychoanalysis ...
Poleev, Andrej. - : Zenodo, 2016
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18
Metaanalysis of psychoanalysis ...
Poleev, Andrej. - : Zenodo, 2016
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19
Metaanalysis of psychoanalysis ...
Poleev, Andrej. - : Zenodo, 2016
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20
Social and Emotional Intelligence Moderate the Relationship Between Psychopathy Traits and Social Perception
In: Faculty Publications (2016)
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