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Form-focused Instruction in the Mainstream Classroom: Effects on the Grammatical Development of Adolescent English Language Learners
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Paths in applied linguistics : a conversation with Nina Spada ; Caminhos em Linguística Aplicada: uma conversa com Nina Spada
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Individual Differences and the Learning of Two Grammatical Features with Turkish Learners of English
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Cognitive Patch Theory: A Comparison of the Morphosyntactic Competences of Advanced ESL Learners and Native Speakers of English
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The Role of Form-focused Instruction: Learner Investment in L2 Communication
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EFL Learners’ Perceptions of Grammatical Difficulty in Relation to Second Language Proficiency, Performanc, and Knowledge
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The Integration of Language and Content: Form-focused Instruction in a Content-based Language Program
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Abstract:
Content-based language instruction has gained widespread acceptance as an effective approach in a range of educational settings for adults and children. It is premised on the belief that language and content are inextricably linked and that learning is enhanced through an integrated approach. Yet the nature of the relationship between content and language, and how integration can be achieved in the content-based language classroom, continue to be points of divergence for both researchers and practitioners. One approach to this question draws on research in form-focused instruction (FFI), which describes various instructional options that draw learners’ attention to form in primarily meaning and content-based classrooms. While widely accepted that FFI has a positive impact on language learning outcomes in a variety of contexts, FFI research in content-based language programs for adults has been limited. This study investigated the effect and effectiveness of FFI in a content-based language program designed to prepare adult newcomers to Canada for employment in a specific workplace sector. Two groups of adult learners participated in the study. One group of 16 adults received content-based instruction integrated with FFI while the other group of 20 adults received the same content-based instruction with a focus on meaning only. A quasi-experimental, pre-test/post-test/delayed post-test design was adopted for this comparative study in order to measure language and content outcomes. Language measures included an error correction task, a cloze task, and oral production tasks. Content outcomes were measured via content tests. In addition, a retrospective awareness protocol was designed to assess learners’ awareness of language and content in their instruction and to explore the relationship between this awareness and language development. ANOVA and ANCOVA results indicated that there was no advantage for the participants receiving form-focused instruction on language outcomes but a significant benefit on the content knowledge tests. Analysis of the retrospective report data indicated that the participants were able to identify the focus of the instruction they received. However, no relationship between awareness of language and language development was found. These findings are discussed in light of previous research and in terms of their implications for content-based language instruction.
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Keyword:
Content-based language teaching; Education-Adult and Continuing-0516; Education-Bilingual and Multicultural-0282; Education-Curriculum and Instruction-0727; Education-Vocational-0747; English for Specific Purposes; Form-focused instruction; form-focussed instruction; grammar instruction; Language; language awareness; Literature and Linguistics-Linguistics-0290; meaning-based language teaching; meaning-focussed language instruction; occupational language; professional language teaching; Second Language Acquisition; Second Language Learning; vocational language teaching
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URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/26387
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