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Age, Sex, and Verbal Abilities Affect Location of Linguistic Connectivity in Ventral Visual Pathway
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Children with Reading Difficulties Show Differences in Brain Regions Associated with Orthographic Processing During Spoken Language Processing
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Developmental Increase in Top–Down and Bottom–Up Processing in a Phonological Task: An Effective Connectivity, fMRI Study
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Sex Differences in Neural Processing of Language Among Children
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Developmental changes in brain regions involved in phonological and orthographic processing during spoken language processing
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Neural Correlates of Orthographic and Phonological Consistency Effects in Children
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Abstract:
The objective of this study was to examine the neural correlates of phonological inconsistency (relationship of spelling to sound) and orthographic inconsistency (relationship of sound to spelling) in visual word processing using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Children (9- to 15-year-old) performed a rhyming and spelling task in which two words were presented sequentially in the visual modality. Consistent with previous studies in adults, higher phonological inconsistency was associated with greater activation in several regions including left inferior frontal gyrus and medial frontal gyrus/anterior cingulate cortex. We additionally demonstrated an effect of orthographic inconsistency in these same areas, suggesting that these regions are involved in the integration of orthographic and phonological information and, with respect to the medial frontal/anterior cingulate, greater demands on executive function. Higher phonological and orthographic consistency was associated with greater activation in precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, the putative steady state system active during resting, suggesting lower demands on cognitive resources for consistent items. Both consistency effects were larger for the rhyming compared with the spelling task suggesting greater demands of integrating spelling and sound in the former task. Finally, accuracy on the rhyming task was negatively correlated with the consistency effect in left fusiform gyrus. In particular, this region showed insensitivity to consistency in low performers, sensitivity to inconsistency (higher activity) in moderate performers, and sensitivity to inconsistency (high activation) and to consistency (deactivation). In general, these results show that the influence of spelling-sound (and sound-spelling) correspondences on processing in fusiform gyrus develops as a function of skill.
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Article
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URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20476 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2667127 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17957704
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Differential effects of orthographic and phonological consistency in cortex for children with and without reading impairment
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Neural correlates of mapping from phonology to orthography in children performing an auditory spelling task
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Developmental changes in activation and effective connectivity in phonological processing
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Developmental increases in effective connectivity to brain regions involved in phonological processing during tasks with orthographic demands
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The Interaction Between Orthographic and Phonological Information in Children: An fMRI Study
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Developmental and Skill Effects on the Neural Correlates of Semantic Processing to Visually Presented Words
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Children with reading disorder show modality independent brain abnormalities during semantic tasks
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Weaker top-down modulation from the left inferior frontal gyrus in children
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Deficient orthographic and phonological representations in children with dyslexia revealed by brain activation patterns
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