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Optimisation of rate-pitch perception in cochlear implant hearing
Abstract: © 2013 Dr. Andrew E. Vandali ; It is well established that Cochlear implants (CIs) enable moderate-to-profoundly deaf people to understand speech without the aid of lip reading. However, the perception of voice and musical pitch by implantees is far from satisfactory. The limitations stem from an inability to code and perceive detailed information about the fundamental frequency (F0) in signals, which in normal hearing provides the principle cue to pitch. Present CI systems instead focus on conveying information about the signal’s envelope. In these systems, F0-pitch (albeit somewhat weaker than that of normal hearing) is coded over a limited range by way of amplitude modulation in the temporal (time) envelope. However, the depth and shape of this modulation is highly dependent on acoustic properties of the signal and characteristics of the sound coding strategy. Thus the salience and accuracy of coded F0 information can vary substantially across signals, acoustic environments, and coding techniques. Furthermore, variations in spectral (frequency) envelope information (e.g., differences amongst vowels) which produce changes in the place of electrical stimulation, can adversely affect CI recipients’ judgement of pitch derived from temporal envelope information. The main aims of the research were: (1) to develop a rate-pitch coding strategy that enhances the salience (pitch-strength) and accuracy (pitch-height) of coded F0 temporal information without adversely affecting recognition of speech; and (2) to explore novel methods in which individual’s ability to attend to F0 information exclusively as a cue to pitch in the presence of spectral envelope variations are improved through the use of a training program. To address the first aim, psychophysics experiments were conducted with CI recipients using modulated electrical pulse trains to examine the effect of modulation depth, rate, and shape on pitch-height and loudness relative to that of unmodulated electrical pulse trains. Unmodulated pulse trains were used as a reference because previous studies had shown that accurate identification of pitch intervals could be obtained on the basis of changes in pulse rate, at least for low rates. Results of the present psychophysics experiments demonstrated that deep sinusoidal amplitude modulation was needed to elicit an accurate percept of pitch for low F0 signals. For a sharper modulation function, similar performance could be obtained at a shallower modulation depth. However, application of deep or sharp modulation reduced loudness. These results, together with outcomes of previous studies, provided input necessary for the development of an experimental strategy (eTone) that enhanced coding of F0 modulation in the stimulus envelope. Pitch and speech perception using that experimental strategy were compared to that of the clinical Advanced Combinational Encoder (ACE) strategy in six adult CI recipients. Significant improvements in discrimination of pitch were observed with no reductions in recognition of speech in quiet or noisy conditions. The second aim of the research was to determine whether improvements in pitch perception could be obtained through specific training that primarily directed listeners to attend to F0 information exclusively as a cue to pitch, and to resonant frequency as a cue to spectral timbre. Outcomes demonstrated significant improvements in CI recipient’s F0 discrimination thresholds after training whereas no improvements were observed for control subjects that did not participate in training. This outcome generalised across different stimuli including natural sung vowels that embodied small variations in spectral timbre that could adversely affect judgement of F0 pitch. The improvement was also maintained several months after completion of training.
Keyword: cochlear implant; pitch coding strategy; pitch perception; training
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/39956
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2
Optimization of rate-pitch in cochlear implant hearing
In: 2011 Conference on Implantable Auditory Prostheses, Pacific Grove, California, United States, 24-29 July 2011 (2011)
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3
A fundamental frequency estimator for the real-time processing of musical sounds for cochlear implants
In: Speech communication. - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier 49 (2007) 2, 113-122
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4
Speech recognition with the advanced combination encoder and transient emphasis spectral maxima strategies in nucleus 24 recipients
In: Journal of speech, language, and hearing research. - Rockville, Md. : American Speech-Language-Hearing Association 48 (2005) 3, 681-701
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5
Speech perception as a function of electrical stimulation rate: using the nucleus 24 cochlear implant system
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6
The spectral maxima sound processor: recent findings in speech perception and psychophysics
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7
Speech processing for multichannel cochlear implants: variations of the Spectral Maxima Sound Processor strategy
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8
Speech processing for cochlear implants: variations of the spectral maxima sound processor
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9
A comparison of speech perception of cochlear implantees using the Spectral Maxima Sound Processor (SMSP) and the MSP (Multipeak) processor
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10
A new portable sound processor for the University of Melbourne/ Nucleus Limited multielectrode cochlear implant
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