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Visual Experience Shapes Orthographic Representations in the Visual Word Form Area
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Accessing orthographic representations from speech: The role of left ventral occipitotemporal cortex in spelling
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A dual-route perspective on eye movements of dyslexic readers
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A dual-route perspective on poor reading in a regular orthography: An fMRI study
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A Dual-Route Perspective on Brain Activation in Response to Visual Words: Evidence for a Length by Lexicality Interaction in the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA)
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On the functional neuroanatomy of visual word processing: Effects of case and letter deviance
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A dual-route perspective on poor reading in a regular orthography: Evidence from phonological and orthographic lexical decisions
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Abstract:
Impairments of the lexical and the nonlexical reading route were examined for German-speaking dyslexic readers by measuring accuracy and speed of phonological and orthographic lexical decisions. Different from English-based findings, we found little difficulty with the phonological distinction between pseudohomophones and nonwords, but a major difficulty with the orthographic distinction between words and pseudohomophones. Subtyping identified pure surface dyslexia cases but no case of pure phonological dyslexia. Dyslexic speed impairments were traced to three loci in the dual-route model: an impoverished orthographic lexicon, slow access from orthographic to phonological lexicon entries (lexical route) and from graphemes to phonemes (nonlexical route). A review of distal cognitive deficits suggested that the orthographic lexicon is affected by phonological deficits and that the slow functioning of the lexical and the nonlexical route reflects a general visual-verbal speed impairment and not a purely visual-attentional deficit.
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Article
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URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/02643290802221404 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18642138 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2976852
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Taxi vs. Taksi: On orthographic word recognition in the left ventral occipitotemporal cortex
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