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Cortical asymmetries at different spatial hierarchies relate to phonological processing ability
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In: PLoS Biol (2022)
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Abstract:
The ability to map speech sounds to corresponding letters is critical for establishing proficient reading. People vary in this phonological processing ability, which has been hypothesized to result from variation in hemispheric asymmetries within brain regions that support language. A cerebral lateralization hypothesis predicts that more asymmetric brain structures facilitate the development of foundational reading skills like phonological processing. That is, structural asymmetries are predicted to linearly increase with ability. In contrast, a canalization hypothesis predicts that asymmetries constrain behavioral performance within a normal range. That is, structural asymmetries are predicted to quadratically relate to phonological processing, with average phonological processing occurring in people with the most asymmetric structures. These predictions were examined in relatively large samples of children (N = 424) and adults (N = 300), using a topological asymmetry analysis of T1-weighted brain images and a decoding measure of phonological processing. There was limited evidence of structural asymmetry and phonological decoding associations in classic language-related brain regions. However, and in modest support of the cerebral lateralization hypothesis, small to medium effect sizes were observed where phonological decoding accuracy increased with the magnitude of the largest structural asymmetry across left hemisphere cortical regions, but not right hemisphere cortical regions, for both the adult and pediatric samples. In support of the canalization hypothesis, small to medium effect sizes were observed where phonological decoding in the normal range was associated with increased asymmetries in specific cortical regions for both the adult and pediatric samples, which included performance monitoring and motor planning brain regions that contribute to oral and written language functions. Thus, the relevance of each hypothesis to phonological decoding may depend on the scale of brain organization.
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Keyword:
Research Article
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URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001591
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8982829/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35381012
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Orthographic Influence on Spoken Word Identification: Behavioral and fMRI Evidence
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EEG Study of Effortful Listening
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In: ETSU Faculty Works (2017)
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Aging-Resilient Associations between the Arcuate Fasciculus and Vocabulary Knowledge: Microstructure or Morphology?
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Speech-perception training for older adults with hearing loss impacts word recognition and effort
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The Cingulo-Opercular Network Provides Word-Recognition Benefit
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Pupil size varies with word listening and response selection difficulty in older adults with hearing loss
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Inferior frontal sensitivity to common speech sounds is amplified by increasing word intelligibility
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Age-related relative volume preservation of the dominant hand cortical region
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Speech recognition in younger and older adults: a dependency on low-level auditory cortex
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Age-related relative volume preservation of the dominant hand cortical region
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In: Communication Sciences and Disorders Scholarship (2009)
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Selective Alterations of White Matter Associated with Visuospatial and Sensorimotor Dysfunction in Turner Syndrome
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Anatomical correlates of dyslexia: frontal and cerebellar findings
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