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The education word gap emerges by 18 months: findings from an Australian prospective study
Abstract: Background The idea of the '30 million word gap' suggests families from more socioeconomically advantaged backgrounds engage in more verbal interactions with their child than disadvantaged families. Initial findings from the Language in Little Ones (LiLO) study up to 12 months showed no word gap between maternal education groups. Methods Families with either high or low maternal education were purposively recruited into a five-year prospective study. We report results from the first three waves of LiLO when children were 6, 12 and 18 months old. Day-long audio recordings, obtained using the Language Environment Analysis software, provided counts of adult words spoken to the child, child vocalizations and conversational turns. Results By the time children were 18 months old all three measures of talk were 0.5 to 0.7 SD higher among families with more education, but with large variation within education groups. Changes in talk from 6 to 18 months highlighted that families from low educated backgrounds were decreasing the amount they spoke to their children (- 4219.54, 95% CI -6054.13, - 2384.95), compared to families from high educated backgrounds who remained relatively stable across this age period (- 369.13, 95% CI - 2344.57, 1606.30). Conclusions The socioeconomic word gap emerges between 12 and 18 months of age. Interventions to enhance maternal communication, child vocalisations and vocabulary development should begin prior to 18 months. ; Mary E. Brushe, John Lynch, Sheena Reilly, Edward Melhuish, Murthy N. Mittinty and Sally A. Brinkman
Keyword: Adult; Australia; Child; Early childhood development; Humans; Inequality; Infant; Language; Language Development; Parent talk; Prospective Studies; Vocabulary; Word gap
URL: https://hdl.handle.net/2440/133762
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02712-1
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2
How many words are Australian children hearing in the first year of life?
Brushe, M.E.; Lynch, J.; Reilly, S.. - : BioMed Central, 2020
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3
A replicable, low-burden mechanism for observing, recording and analysing mother-child interaction in population research
Levickis, P; Reilly, S; Wake, M. - : Wiley, 2018
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4
Associations between maternal responsive linguistic input and child language performance at age 4 in a community-based sample of slow-to-talk toddlers
Levickis, P; Reilly, S; Girolametto, L. - : Wiley for British Association of Community Child Health (BACCH), 2018
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5
CATALISE: A multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study. Identifying language impairments in children
Bishop, D.V.M.; Snowling, M.J.; Thompson, P.A.. - : Public Library of Science, 2016
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6
Language outcomes of children with cerebral palsy aged 5 years and 6 years: a population-based study
Morgan, A; Pennington, L; Reddihough, D. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2016
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7
CATALISE: A multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study. Identifying language impairments in children
In: PLoS ONE , 11 (7) , Article e0158753. (2016) (2016)
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8
CATALISE: A multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study. Identifying language impairments in children
Baird, G; Carter, G; Westerveld, M. - : Public Library of Science, 2016
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9
Levers for Language Growth: Characteristics and Predictors of Language Trajectories between 4 and 7 Years
McKean, C; Bretherton, L; Eadie, P. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 2015
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10
Feasibility of automated speech sample collection with stuttering children using interactive voice response (IVR) technology
Conway, L; Vogel, AP; Block, S. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2015
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11
Two-year outcomes of a population-based intervention for preschool language delay: An RCT
Wake, M; Levickis, P; Tobin, S. - : American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015
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12
Terminological debate over language impairment in children: forward movement and sticking points.
In: Symplectic Elements at Oxford ; Europe PubMed Central ; PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) ; Web of Science (Lite) (http://apps.webofknowledge.com/summary.do) ; Scopus (http://www.scopus.com/home.url) ; CrossRef (2014)
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13
Profiles of language development in pre-school children: a longitudinal latent class analysis of data from the Early Language in Victoria Study: Profiles of pre-school language development
In: Child: Care, Health and Development, Vol. 38, no. 3 (May 2012), pp. 341-349 (2012)
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14
Profiles of language development in pre-school children : a longitudinal latent class analysis of data from the early language in Victoria study
Ukoumunne, O. C.; Williams, J.; Carlin, J.. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, 2011
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15
Outcomes of population based language promotion for slow to talk toddlers at ages 2 and 3 years: Let's Learn Language cluster randomised controlled trial
Wake, M; Tobin, S; Girolametto, L. - : BMJ Publishing Group, 2011
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16
Stuttering and bilingualism
Packman, A; Onslow, M; Reilly, S. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2009
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17
The early language in Victoria study: predicting vocabulary at age one and two years from gesture and object use
Bavin, E. L.; Prior, M.; Reilly, S.. - : Cambridge University Press, 2008
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18
The early language in Victoria study : predicting vocabulary at age one and two years from gesture and object use
In: Journal of Child Language, 35(3): 687-701 (2008)
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19
The Early Language in Victoria Study: Predicting vocabulary at age one and two years from gesture and object use
In: Journal of Child Language, Vol. 35, no. 3 (Aug 2008), pp. 687-701 (2008)
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20
Predicting language at 2 years of age: a prospective community study
In: Pediatrics, Vol. 120, no. 6 (Dec 2007), pp. e1441-e1449 (2007)
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