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Language statistical learning responds to reinforcement learning principles rooted in the striatum
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Integrating when and what information in the left parietal lobe allows language rule generalization
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Integrating when and what information in the left parietal lobe allows language rule generalization
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In: PLoS Biol (2020)
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Abstract:
A crucial aspect when learning a language is discovering the rules that govern how words are combined in order to convey meanings. Because rules are characterized by sequential co-occurrences between elements (e.g., “These cupcakes are unbelievable”), tracking the statistical relationships between these elements is fundamental. However, purely bottom-up statistical learning alone cannot fully account for the ability to create abstract rule representations that can be generalized, a paramount requirement of linguistic rules. Here, we provide evidence that, after the statistical relations between words have been extracted, the engagement of goal-directed attention is key to enable rule generalization. Incidental learning performance during a rule-learning task on an artificial language revealed a progressive shift from statistical learning to goal-directed attention. In addition, and consistent with the recruitment of attention, functional MRI (fMRI) analyses of late learning stages showed left parietal activity within a broad bilateral dorsal frontoparietal network. Critically, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on participants’ peak of activation within the left parietal cortex impaired their ability to generalize learned rules to a structurally analogous new language. No stimulation or rTMS on a nonrelevant brain region did not have the same interfering effect on generalization. Performance on an additional attentional task showed that this rTMS on the parietal site hindered participants’ ability to integrate “what” (stimulus identity) and “when” (stimulus timing) information about an expected target. The present findings suggest that learning rules from speech is a two-stage process: following statistical learning, goal-directed attention—involving left parietal regions—integrates “what” and “when” stimulus information to facilitate rapid rule generalization.
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Keyword:
Research Article
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URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7660506/ https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000895 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33137084
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Right Structural and Functional Reorganization in Four-Year-Old Children with Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke Predict Language Production
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In: ISSN: 2373-2822 ; eNeuro ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02281924 ; eNeuro, Society for Neuroscience, 2019, 6 (4), pp.ENEURO.0447-18.2019. ⟨10.1523/ENEURO.0447-18.2019⟩ (2019)
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Spontaneous synchronization to speech reveals neural mechanisms facilitating language learning
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Spontaneous synchronization to speech reveals neural mechanisms facilitating language learning
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The Lateralization of Speech-Brain Coupling Is Differentially Modulated by Intrinsic Auditory and Top-Down Mechanisms
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Right Structural and Functional Reorganization in Four-Year-Old Children with Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke Predict Language Production
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Right Structural and Functional Reorganization in Four-Year-Old Children with Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke Predict Language Production
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White noise facilitates new-word learning from context
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In: Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (2019)
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Strength of Temporal White Matter Pathways Predicts Semantic Learning
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Structural neuroplasticity in expert pianists depends on the age of musical training onset
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In: ISSN: 1053-8119 ; EISSN: 1095-9572 ; NeuroImage ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02099985 ; NeuroImage, Elsevier, 2016, 126, pp.106-119. ⟨10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.11.008⟩ (2016)
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Neural basis of acquired amusia and its recovery after stroke
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Hidden word learning capacity through orthography in aphasia
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In: Cortex (2013)
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Prognostic value of cortically induced motor evoked activity by TMS in chronic stroke: Caveats from a revealing single clinical case.
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In: ISSN: 1471-2377 ; BMC Neurology ; https://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00722739 ; BMC Neurology, BioMed Central, 2012, 12 (1), pp.35. ⟨10.1186/1471-2377-12-35⟩ (2012)
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Prognostic value of cortically induced motor evoked activity by TMS in chronic stroke: caveats from a very revealing single clinical case
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Prognostic value of cortically induced motor evoked activity by TMS in chronic stroke: caveats from a revealing single clinical case
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Integrating when and what information in the left parietal lobule allows language rule generalization
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