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Susceptibility to auditory hallucinations is associated with spontaneous but not directed modulation of top-down expectations for speech
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Alderson-Day, Ben; Moffatt, Jamie; Lima, César F; Krishnan, Saloni; Fernyhough, Charles; Scott, Sophie K; Denton, Sophie; Leong, Ivy Yi Ting; Oncel, Alena D; Wu, Yu-Lin; Gurbuz, Zehra; Evans, Samuel
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In: Neurosci Conscious (2022)
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Abstract:
Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs)—or hearing voices—occur in clinical and non-clinical populations, but their mechanisms remain unclear. Predictive processing models of psychosis have proposed that hallucinations arise from an over-weighting of prior expectations in perception. It is unknown, however, whether this reflects (i) a sensitivity to explicit modulation of prior knowledge or (ii) a pre-existing tendency to spontaneously use such knowledge in ambiguous contexts. Four experiments were conducted to examine this question in healthy participants listening to ambiguous speech stimuli. In experiments 1a (n = 60) and 1b (n = 60), participants discriminated intelligible and unintelligible sine-wave speech before and after exposure to the original language templates (i.e. a modulation of expectation). No relationship was observed between top-down modulation and two common measures of hallucination-proneness. Experiment 2 (n = 99) confirmed this pattern with a different stimulus—sine-vocoded speech (SVS)—that was designed to minimize ceiling effects in discrimination and more closely model previous top-down effects reported in psychosis. In Experiment 3 (n = 134), participants were exposed to SVS without prior knowledge that it contained speech (i.e. naïve listening). AVH-proneness significantly predicted both pre-exposure identification of speech and successful recall for words hidden in SVS, indicating that participants could actually decode the hidden signal spontaneously. Altogether, these findings support a pre-existing tendency to spontaneously draw upon prior knowledge in healthy people prone to AVH, rather than a sensitivity to temporary modulations of expectation. We propose a model of clinical and non-clinical hallucinations, across auditory and visual modalities, with testable predictions for future research.
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Keyword:
Research Article
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URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niac002 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8824703/
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Functional organisation for verb generation in children with developmental language disorder
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In: Neuroimage (2021)
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Functional organisation for verb generation in children with developmental language disorder
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The role of intrinsic reward in adolescent word learning ...
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Data from: The influence of evaluative right/wrong feedback on phonological and semantic processes in word learning ...
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The influence of evaluative right/wrong feedback on phonological and semantic processes in word learning
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Phase 2 of CATALISE: a multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study of problems with language development: terminology
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Fractionating nonword repetition: the contributions of short-term memory and oromotor praxis are different
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Functional and quantitative MRI mapping of somatomotor representations of human supralaryngeal vocal tract
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Fractionating nonword repetition:The contributions of short-term memory and oromotor praxis are different
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Fractionating nonword repetition: The contributions of short-term memory and oromotor praxis are different
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Phase 2 of CATALISE: a multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study of problems with language development: Terminology
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Functional and Quantitative MRI Mapping of Somatomotor Representations of Human Supralaryngeal Vocal Tract
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CATALISE: a multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study. Identifying language impairments in children
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