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The Distribution of Advanced Tongue Root Harmony and Interior Vowels in the Macro-Sudan Belt
In: Rolle, Nicholas; Faytak, Matthew; & Lionnet, Florian. (2017). The Distribution of Advanced Tongue Root Harmony and Interior Vowels in the Macro-Sudan Belt. UC Berkeley Phonology Lab Annual Reports, 13(1). Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/92w5f6m4 (2017)
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The distribution of advanced tongue root harmony and interior vowels in the Macro-Sudan Belt
In: Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America; Vol 2 (2017): Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America; 10:1–15 ; 2473-8689 (2017)
Abstract: In this paper we investigate the distribution of vowel systems in the Macro-Sudan Belt, an area of Western and Central Africa proposed in recent areal work (Güldemann 2008, 2011; Clements & Rialland 2008). We report on a survey of 615 language varieties with entries coded for two phonological features: advanced tongue root (ATR) harmony and the presence of interior vowels (i.e. non-peripheral vowels, such as [ɨ ɯ ɜ ə ʌ …]). Our results show that the presence of ATR harmony in the Macro-Sudan Belt is limited to three separated zones: an Atlantic ATR Zone, a West African ATR Zone, and an East African ATR Zone, all geographically unconnected to one another. We additionally show that between the West and East African ATR Zones is a geographically extensive, genetically heterogeneous region of Central Africa where ATR harmony is systematically absent which we term the Central African ATR-less Zone. Our results also show a large region where phonemic and allophonic interior vowels are disproportionately prevalent, which we term the Central African Interior Vowel Zone. This zone noticeably overlaps with the Central African ATR-less Zone, suggesting that ATR and interiority have an antagonistic relationship. Chi-squared tests support the presence of a strong relationship between the two types of vowel contrasts.
Keyword: advanced tongue root; Africa; African linguistics; Areal linguistics; interior vowels; Phonology; Typology; vowel systems
URL: http://journals.linguisticsociety.org/proceedings/index.php/PLSA/article/view/4058
https://doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v2i0.4058
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