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The Cost of Processing Irregularity and Inconsistency in English for Bilinguals Who Read a Shallow L1 or L2 Orthography Reveals Different Mechanisms of Transfer ...
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On the Time Course of Accessing Meaning in a Second Language: An Electrophysiological and Behavioral Investigation of Translation Recognition
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Local and global inhibition in bilingual word production: fMRI evidence from Chinese-English bilinguals
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Language selection in bilingual speech: Evidence for inhibitory processes
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Abstract:
Although bilinguals rarely make random errors of language when they speak, research on spoken production provides compelling evidence to suggest that both languages are active when only one language is spoken (e.g., Poulisse, 1999). Moreover, the parallel activation of the two languages appears to characterize the planning of speech for highly proficient bilinguals as well as second language learners. In this paper we first review the evidence for cross-language activity during single word production and then consider the two major alternative models of how the intended language is eventually selected. According to language-specific selection models, both languages may be active but bilinguals develop the ability to selectively attend to candidates in the intended language. The alternative model, that candidates from both languages compete for selection, requires that cross-language activity be modulated to allow selection to occur. On the latter view, the selection mechanism may require that candidates in the non-target language be inhibited. We consider the evidence for such an inhibitory mechanism in a series of recent behavioral and neuroimaging studies.
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URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2585366
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2008.02.001
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18358449
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