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Development of Risky Decision Making: Fuzzy-Trace Theory and Neurobiological Perspectives
Abstract: Developmental differences in mental representations of choices, reward sensitivity, and behavioral inhibition (self-control) explain greater susceptibility to risk taking. Ironically, relying on precise representations in reasoning promotes greater risk taking, but this reliance declines as adolescents mature. This phenomenon is known as a developmental reversal; it is called a reversal because it violates traditional developmental expectations of greater cognitive complexity with maturation. Fuzzy-trace theory (FTT) predicts reversals by proposing two types of mental representation (gist and verbatim), and that risk takers rely more on verbatim processing when making decisions. In this article, we describe the main tenets of FTT and explain how it can account for risky decision making. We also explore the neural underpinnings of development and decision making in the context of distinctions from FTT. FTT’s predictions elucidate unanswered questions about risk taking, providing directions for research.
Keyword: Article
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25983859
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4428604/
https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12117
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2
Framing Effects are Robust to Linguistic Disambiguation: A Critical Test of Contemporary Theory
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3
Superposition of Episodic Memories: Overdistribution and Quantum Models
In: Topics in cognitive science. - Hoboken, NJ [u.a.] : Wiley 5 (2013) 4, 773-799
OLC Linguistik
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4
Developmental Reversals in Risky Decision Making: Intelligence Agents Show Larger Decision Biases Than College Students
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5
Development of dual-retrieval processes in recall: learning, forgetting, and reminiscence
In: Journal of memory and language. - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier 66 (2012) 4, 763-788
BLLDB
OLC Linguistik
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6
Theoretical and forensic implications of developmental studies of the DRM illusion
In: Memory & cognition. - Heidelberg [u.a.] : Springer 39 (2011) 3, 365-380
BLLDB
OLC Linguistik
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7
Recollective and nonrecollective recall
In: Journal of memory and language. - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier 63 (2010) 3, 425-445
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OLC Linguistik
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8
Episodic over-distribution: a signature effect of familiarity without recollection
In: Journal of memory and language. - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier 58 (2008) 3, 765-786
BLLDB
OLC Linguistik
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9
Recall of details never experienced: effects of age, repetition, and semantic cues
In: Cognitive development. - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science 23 (2008) 1, 67-78
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10
Interference processes in fuzzy-trace theory: : aging, Alzheimer's disease, and development
In: Inhibition in cognition (Washington, DC, 2007), p. 185-210
MPI für Psycholinguistik
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11
Converging evidence supports fuzzy-trace theory's nested sets hypothesis, but not the frequency hypothesis
In: Behavioral and brain sciences. - New York, NY [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press 30 (2007) 3, 278-279
OLC Linguistik
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12
Phantom recall
In: Journal of memory and language. - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier 48 (2003) 3, 445-467
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13
Recollection rejection : false-memory editing in children and adults
In: Psychological review. - Washington, DC [u.a.] : American Psychological Association 110 (2003) 4, 762-784
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14
Dual-retrieval processes in free and associative recall
In: Journal of memory and language. - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier 46 (2002) 1, 120-152
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15
Are young children susceptible to the false-memory illusion?
In: Child development. - Malden, Ma. [u.a.] : Blackwell 73 (2002) 5, 1363-1377
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16
Conjoint recognition and phantom recollection
In: Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition. - Washington, DC [u.a.] : Assoc. 27 (2001) 2, 307-327
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17
Conjoint recognition
In: Psychological review. - Washington, DC [u.a.] : American Psychological Association 106 (1999) 1, 160-179
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18
On the development of conscious und unconscious memory
In: Developmental psychology. - Richmond, Va. [u.a.] : American Psychological Association 34 (1998) 2, 342-357
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19
Meaning, memory and the interpretation of metaphors
In: Metaphor (Mahwah, NJ, 1996), p. 39-58
MPI für Psycholinguistik
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20
Pragmatics of metaphor
Katz, Albert N. (Mitarb.); Kreuz, Roger J. (Mitarb.); Reyna, Valerie F. (Mitarb.)
In: Metaphor. - Mahwah, N.J. : Erlbaum (1996), 1-57
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