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The Influence of Cultural Context on Language Activation in Korean-English Bilinguals
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Resolving Between-Language and Within-Language Competition in Bilinguals
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The Effect of Bilingualism on Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Proficiency and control in verbal fluency performance across the lifespan for monolinguals and bilinguals
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Bilingualism is not a categorical variable: Interaction between language proficiency and usage
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Electrophysiological measures of attention during speech perception predict metalinguistic skills in children
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Academic discourse: Dissociating standardized and conversational measures of language proficiency in bilingual kindergarteners
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Understanding the Consequences of Bilingualism for Language Processing and Cognition
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The Effect of Bilingualism on Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Bilingualism is not a categorical variable: Interaction between language proficiency and usage
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Perspective-Taking Ability in Bilingual Children: Extending Advantages in Executive Control to Spatial Reasoning
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Independent Effects of Bilingualism and Socioeconomic Status on Language Ability and Executive Functioning
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Abstract:
One hundred and seventy-five children who were 6-years old were assigned to one of four groups that differed in socioeconomic status (SES; working class or middle class) and language background (monolingual or bilingual). The children completed tests of nonverbal intelligence, language tests assessing receptive vocabulary and attention based on picture naming, and two tests of executive functioning. All children performed equivalently on the basic intelligence tests, but performance on the language and executive functioning tasks was influenced by both SES and bilingualism. Middle-class children outperformed working-class children on all measures, and bilingual children obtained lower scores than monolingual children on language tests but higher scores than monolingual children on the executive functioning tasks. There were no interactions with either group factors or task factors. Thus, each of SES and bilingualism contribute significantly and independently to children’s development irrespective of the child’s level on the other factor.
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Article
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URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24374020 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3921957 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2013.11.015
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