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Subtle Increments in Socioeconomic Status and Bilingualism Jointly Affect Children’s Verbal and Nonverbal Performance ...
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Subtle Increments in Socioeconomic Status and Bilingualism Jointly Affect Children’s Verbal and Nonverbal Performance ...
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Does Language Context Impact the Neural Correlates of Executive Control in Monolingual and Multilingual Young Adults?
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In: Brain Lang (2021)
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Bilingualism as a Slice of Swiss Cheese
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In: Front Psychol (2021)
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Poorer Clinical Outcomes for Older Adult Monolinguals when Matched to Bilinguals on Brain Health
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In: Brain Struct Funct (2021)
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Continuous effects of bilingualism and attention on Flanker task performance
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In: Biling (Camb Engl) (2020)
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Conversion of Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Disease in Monolingual and Bilingual Patients
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In: Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord (2020)
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Examining the Time Course of Attention in Monolinguals and Bilinguals
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Redefining bilingualism as a spectrum of experiences that differentially affects brain structure and function
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Abstract:
Learning and using an additional language is shown to have an impact on the structure and function of the brain, including in regions involved in cognitive control and the connections between them. However, the available evidence remains variable in terms of the localization, extent, and trajectory of these effects. Variability likely stems from the fact that bilingualism has been routinely operationalized as a categorical variable (bilingual/monolingual), whereas it is a complex and dynamic experience with a number of potentially deterministic factors affecting neural plasticity. Here we present a study investigating the combined effects of experience-based factors (EBFs) in bilingual language use on brain structure and functional connectivity. EBFs include an array of measures of everyday usage of a second language in different types of immersive settings (e.g., amount of use in social settings). Analyses reveal specific adaptations in the brain, both structural and functional, correlated to individual EBFs and their combined effects. Taken together, the data show that the brain adapts to be maximally efficient in the processing and control of two languages, although modulated ultimately by individual language experience.
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Keyword:
PNAS Plus
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URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6462104/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30914463 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811513116
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The Impact of Bilingual Environments on Selective Attention in Infancy
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In: Dev Sci (2019)
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A Closer Look at the Effect of Bilingualism on Working Memory
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Sentence Comprehension in Monolingual and Bilingual Children
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The Language and Social Background Questionnaire: Assessing Degree of Bilingualism in a Diverse Population. Supplementary Materials ...
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The Language and Social Background Questionnaire: Assessing Degree of Bilingualism in a Diverse Population. Supplementary Materials ...
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Cultural Context as a Biasing Factor for Language Activation in Bilinguals
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Working Memory With Emotional Distraction in Monolingual and Bilingual Children
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The Language and Social Background Questionnaire: Assessing Degree of Bilingualism in a Diverse Population
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Language and Cognitive Control Networks in Bilinguals and Monolinguals
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