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Divergent Auditory Nerve Encoding Deficits Between Two Common Etiologies of Sensorineural Hearing Loss
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Abstract:
Speech intelligibility can vary dramatically between individuals with similar clinically defined severity of hearing loss based on the audiogram. These perceptual differences, despite equal audiometric-threshold elevation, are often assumed to reflect central-processing variations. Here, we compared peripheral-processing in auditory nerve (AN) fibers of male chinchillas between two prevalent hearing loss etiologies: metabolic hearing loss (MHL) and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). MHL results from age-related reduction of the endocochlear potential due to atrophy of the stria vascularis. MHL in the present study was induced using furosemide, which provides a validated model of age-related MHL in young animals by reversibly inhibiting the endocochlear potential. Effects of MHL on peripheral processing were assessed using Wiener–kernel (system identification) analyses of single AN fiber responses to broadband noise, for direct comparison to previously published AN responses from animals with NIHL. Wiener–kernel analyses show that even mild NIHL causes grossly abnormal coding of low-frequency stimulus components. In contrast, for MHL the same abnormal coding was only observed with moderate to severe loss. For equal sensitivity loss, coding impairment was substantially less severe with MHL than with NIHL, probably due to greater preservation of the tip-to-tail ratio of cochlear frequency tuning with MHL compared with NIHL rather than different intrinsic AN properties. Differences in peripheral neural coding between these two pathologies—the more severe of which, NIHL, is preventable—likely contribute to individual speech perception differences. Our results underscore the need to minimize noise overexposure and for strategies to personalize diagnosis and treatment for individuals with sensorineural hearing loss. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Differences in speech perception ability between individuals with similar clinically defined severity of hearing loss are often assumed to reflect central neural-processing differences. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that peripheral neural processing of complex sounds differs dramatically between the two most common etiologies of hearing loss. Greater processing impairment with noise-induced compared with an age-related (metabolic) hearing loss etiology may explain heightened speech perception difficulties in people overexposed to loud environments. These results highlight the need for public policies to prevent noise-induced hearing loss, an entirely avoidable hearing loss etiology, and for personalized strategies to diagnose and treat sensorineural hearing loss.
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Research Articles
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URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6733559/
https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0038-19.2019
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31285299
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Modeling the Effect of Olivocochlear Efferents on the Subcortical Envelope Following Response in Humans
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Optimal Combination of Neural Temporal Envelope and Fine Structure Cues to Explain Speech Identification in Background Noise
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Modeling the Time-Varying and Level-Dependent Effects of the Medial Olivocochlear Reflex in Auditory Nerve Responses
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Sensorineural hearing loss amplifies neural coding of envelope information in the central auditory system of chinchillas
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Effects of sensorineural hearing loss on temporal coding of narrowband and broadband signals in the auditory periphery
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The use of confusion patterns to evaluate the neural basis for concurrent vowel identificationa
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Psychophysiological analyses demonstrate the importance of neural envelope coding for speech perception in noise
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Psychophysiological Analyses Demonstrate the Importance of Neural Envelope Coding for Speech Perception in Noise
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In: SFN (2011)
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Predicted effects of sensorineural hearing loss on across-fiber envelope coding in the auditory nervea
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Temporal coding in auditory-nerve fibers following noise-induced hearing loss
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In: Theses and Dissertations Available from ProQuest (2011)
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The role of envelope and temporal fine structure in the perception of noise degraded speech
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In: Theses and Dissertations Available from ProQuest (2010)
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