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Going the Extra Mile: Effects of Discourse Context on Two Late Positivities During Language Comprehension
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In: Neurobiol Lang (Camb) (2020)
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Abstract:
During language comprehension, online neural processing is strongly influenced by the constraints of the prior context. While the N400 ERP response (300–500ms) is known to be sensitive to a word’s semantic predictability, less is known about a set of late positive-going ERP responses (600–1000ms) that can be elicited when an incoming word violates strong predictions about upcoming content (late frontal positivity) or about what is possible given the prior context (late posterior positivity/P600). Across three experiments, we systematically manipulated the length of the prior context and the source of lexical constraint to determine their influence on comprehenders’ online neural responses to these two types of prediction violations. In Experiment 1, within minimal contexts, both lexical prediction violations and semantically anomalous words produced a larger N400 than expected continuations (James unlocked the door/laptop/gardener), but no late positive effects were observed. Critically, the late posterior positivity/P600 to semantic anomalies appeared when these same sentences were embedded within longer discourse contexts (Experiment 2a), and the late frontal positivity appeared to lexical prediction violations when the preceding context was rich and globally constraining (Experiment 2b). We interpret these findings within a hierarchical generative framework of language comprehension. This framework highlights the role of comprehension goals and broader linguistic context, and how these factors influence both top-down prediction and the decision to update or reanalyze the prior context when these predictions are violated.
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Keyword:
Article
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URL: https://doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00006 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32582884 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7313229/
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Word predictability effects are linear, not logarithmic: Implications for probabilistic models of sentence comprehension
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In: J Mem Lang (2020)
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Neural Evidence for the Prediction of Animacy Features during Language Comprehension: Evidence from MEG and EEG Representational Similarity Analysis
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In: J Neurosci (2020)
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Neural evidence for Bayesian trial-by-trial adaptation on the N400 during semantic priming.
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A Tale of Two Positivities and the N400: Distinct neural signatures are evoked by confirmed and violated predictions at different levels of representation
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In: J Cogn Neurosci (2019)
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Neural Evidence for Bayesian Trial-by-Trial Adaptation on the N400 during Semantic Priming
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In: Cognition (2019)
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Priming production: Neural evidence for enhanced automatic semantic activity preceding language production in schizophrenia
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Multimodal neuroimaging evidence for looser lexico-semantic networks in schizophrenia:Evidence from masked indirect semantic priming
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Priming production: Neural evidence for enhanced automatic semantic activity preceding language production in schizophrenia
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Separate streams or probabilistic inference? What the N400 can tell us about the comprehension of events
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The Yin and the Yang of Prediction: An fMRI Study of Semantic Predictive Processing
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Automatic Semantic Facilitation in Anterior Temporal Cortex Revealed through Multimodal Neuroimaging
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Multiple Influences of Semantic Memory on Sentence Processing: Distinct Effects of Semantic Relatedness on Violations of Real-World Event/State Knowledge and Animacy Selection Restrictions
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A funny thing happened on the way to articulation: N400 attenuation despite behavioral interference in picture naming
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(Pea)nuts and bolts of visual narrative: Structure and meaning in sequential image comprehension
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It's All About You: An ERP Study of Emotion and Self-Relevance in Discourse
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