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Cultural hybridity: Multisourced neologization in 'reinvented' languages and in languages with 'phono-logographic' script
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Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English
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In: http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/J/J01/J01-1006.pdf (1999)
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Translation Contrastive Linguistics and Corpora
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In: http://www.hf.uio.no/forskningsprosjekter/sprik/docs/pdf/sj/johansson2.pdf (1999)
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Coding and Aligning the English-Norwegian Parallel Corpus
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In: http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/enpc-lund.ps (1996)
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Abstract:
This paper will focus on the encoding of texts and on the development of our method of automatically aligning original and translated texts. These are both critical steps in building a corpus of this kind. The purpose of text encoding is to prepare the texts in such a way that they adequately reflect the source texts and are maximally useful for computational studies. The aim of the alignment program is to specify equivalent points in the original and the translation, so that corresponding sections of the texts can be easily retrieved. Alignment and encoding are closely connected, in that decisions at the encoding stage have important consequences for alignment. 2 Text encoding Before alignment can be attempted, a text must be available in electronic form and contain some basic markup. The pre-alignment text encoding consists of three phases: I Scanning and insertion of initial mark-up II Insertion of additional mark-up III Proofreading The markup is inserted into the text as tags; see Appendix. Angle brackets are used to separate tags from the text: <.> for `start-tags' and for `end-tags'. Tags may have attributes, e.g. indicating the start of a part of a book with the identifier ST1.1. The use of tags and attributes is defined formally by a so-called `document type definition' (DTD). The coding of the texts is in broad agreement with the recommendations of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI). See further Sperberg-McQueen & Burnard (1994). 2.1 Scanning and insertion of initial mark-up 2 All the texts are scanned by the use of an OCR reader. The scanner outputs word processing files. This means that paragraphs are uniquely identifiable, and can be tagged as such when we convert a text processing file to ASCII format, which is the form.
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URL: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.51.1609
http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/enpc-lund.ps
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Coding and Aligning the English-Norwegian Parallel Corpus
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In: ftp://www.hd.uib.no/pub/corpora/enpc.lund.ps (1996)
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lntemationai Computer Archive of Modem Ellglish Norwegian Computing Centre for the HumallitiesInternational Computer Archive of Modern
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In: http://icame.uib.no/archives/No_17_ICAME_Journal_index.pdf
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International Computer Archive of Modern English Norwegian Computing Centre for the HumanitiesInternational Computer Archive of Modern
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In: http://icame.uib.no/archives/No_16_ICAME_Journal_index.pdf
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