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| 81 |
Modified One-Sided EWMA Charts without- and with Variable Sampling Intervals for Monitoring a Normal Process
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In: Symmetry; Volume 14; Issue 1; Pages: 159 (2022)
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| 82 |
Crowdsourcing Used in Higher Education: An Empirical Study on a Sustainable Translation Teaching Mode Based on Crowdsourced Translation
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In: Sustainability; Volume 14; Issue 6; Pages: 3140 (2022)
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| 83 |
Commonsense Knowledge-Aware Prompt Tuning for Few-Shot NOTA Relation Classification
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In: Applied Sciences; Volume 12; Issue 4; Pages: 2185 (2022)
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| 84 |
Automatic Classification Framework of Tongue Feature Based on Convolutional Neural Networks
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In: Micromachines; Volume 13; Issue 4; Pages: 501 (2022)
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| 85 |
Neural Mechanisms of Subliminal Mentor-Student Relationship Stimuli Processing: An ERP Study
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health; Volume 19; Issue 5; Pages: 2760 (2022)
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| 86 |
The Role of Perceived Social Support and Stress in the Relationship between Hope and Depression among Chinese Shadow Education Tutors: A Serial Mediation Model
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health; Volume 19; Issue 6; Pages: 3348 (2022)
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| 87 |
Students’ Attitudes and Competences in Modeling Using 3D Cartoon Toy Design Maker
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In: Sustainability; Volume 14; Issue 4; Pages: 2176 (2022)
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| 88 |
A Survey of Automatic Source Code Summarization
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In: Symmetry; Volume 14; Issue 3; Pages: 471 (2022)
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| 89 |
Cumulative Effects of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Measures on Algae Growth Inhibition
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In: Water; Volume 14; Issue 6; Pages: 877 (2022)
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| 90 |
Applications of Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis and Surgery
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In: Diagnostics; Volume 12; Issue 2; Pages: 237 (2022)
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Abstract:
In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has shown great promise in medicine. However, explainability issues make AI applications in clinical usages difficult. Some research has been conducted into explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to overcome the limitation of the black-box nature of AI methods. Compared with AI techniques such as deep learning, XAI can provide both decision-making and explanations of the model. In this review, we conducted a survey of the recent trends in medical diagnosis and surgical applications using XAI. We have searched articles published between 2019 and 2021 from PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Association for Computing Machinery, and Google Scholar. We included articles which met the selection criteria in the review and then extracted and analyzed relevant information from the studies. Additionally, we provide an experimental showcase on breast cancer diagnosis, and illustrate how XAI can be applied in medical XAI applications. Finally, we summarize the XAI methods utilized in the medical XAI applications, the challenges that the researchers have met, and discuss the future research directions. The survey result indicates that medical XAI is a promising research direction, and this study aims to serve as a reference to medical experts and AI scientists when designing medical XAI applications.
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Keyword:
artificial intelligence; deep learning; diagnosis; explainable artificial intelligence (XAI); machine learning; surgery
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URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12020237
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| 91 |
Assessing Distinct Cognitive Workload Levels Associated with Unambiguous and Ambiguous Pronoun Resolutions in Human–Machine Interactions
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In: Brain Sciences; Volume 12; Issue 3; Pages: 369 (2022)
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| 92 |
Automatic Speech Recognition Performance Improvement for Mandarin Based on Optimizing Gain Control Strategy
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In: Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 8; Pages: 3027 (2022)
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| 93 |
Seroprevalence Study of Pertussis in Adults at Childbearing Age and Young Infants Reveals the Necessity of Booster Immunizations in Adults in China
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In: Vaccines; Volume 10; Issue 1; Pages: 84 (2022)
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| 94 |
Image Translation for Oracle Bone Character Interpretation
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In: Symmetry; Volume 14; Issue 4; Pages: 743 (2022)
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| 95 |
Investigation on the Relationship between Biodiversity and Linguistic Diversity in China and Its Formation Mechanism
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health; Volume 19; Issue 9; Pages: 5538 (2022)
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| 96 |
Optimizing Water and Nitrogen Strategies to Improve Forage Oat Yield and Quality on the Tibetan Plateau Using APSIM
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In: Agronomy; Volume 12; Issue 4; Pages: 933 (2022)
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| 97 |
A Domain Adaptation-Based Method for Classification of Motor Imagery EEG
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In: Mathematics; Volume 10; Issue 9; Pages: 1588 (2022)
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| 98 |
Reliability of International Fitness Scale (IFIS) in Chinese Children and Adolescents
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In: Children; Volume 9; Issue 4; Pages: 531 (2022)
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| 99 |
Enhancing Communication Reliability from the Semantic Level under Low SNR
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In: Electronics; Volume 11; Issue 9; Pages: 1358 (2022)
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| 100 |
A Multi-Entity Knowledge Joint Extraction Method of Communication Equipment Faults for Industrial IoT
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In: Electronics; Volume 11; Issue 7; Pages: 979 (2022)
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