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Hits 2.381 – 2.400 of 2.725

2381	Children's pragmatic judgements of direct and indirect requests
	Garton, Alison F.; Pratt, Chris
	In: First language. - London [u.a.] : SAGE Publ. 10 (1990) 28, 51-59
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2382	Is pathological development part of normal cognitive neuropsychology? : A rejoinder to Marcel
	Marshall, John C.; Cossu, Giuseppe
	In: Cognitive neuropsychology. - Abingdon : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 7 (1990) 1, 49-55
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2383	Are cognitive skills a prerequisite for learning to read an write?
	Cossu, Giuseppe; Marshall, John C.
	In: Cognitive neuropsychology. - Abingdon : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 7 (1990) 1, 21-40
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2384	What does it mean to ask whether cognitive skills are prerequisite for learning to read and write? : A response to Cossu and Marshall
	Marcel, Anthony J.
	In: Cognitive neuropsychology. - Abingdon : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 7 (1990) 1, 41-48
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2385	Critical language awareness part I : a critical review of three current approaches to language awareness.
	Clark, Romy; Fairclough, Norman; Ivanič, Roz...
	In: Language and education. - Abingdon : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 4 (1990) 4, 249-260
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2386	Das Gedicht "Satzbau" als Wendepunkt in Gottfried Benns Lyrik und Sprachreflexion
	Stoehr, Ingo Roland
	In: Wirkendes Wort. - Trier : WVT, Wissenschaftlicher Verl. Trier 40 (1990) 2, 220-234
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2387	Reading and spelling in language-disorderd children - linguistic and metalinguistic prerequisites : report on a longitudional study
	Magnusson, Eva; Naucler, Kerstin
	In: Clinical linguistics & phonetics. - London : Informa Healthcare 4 (1990) 1, 49-61
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2388	Rechtschreibfehler als Produkt eines Sprachkonflikts zwischen Dialekt und Standardsprache im Lerner
	Schlemmer, Heinrich
	In: Language attitudes and language conflict. - Bonn : Dümmler (1990), 153-162
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2389	La reconstruction metalinguistique de la negation chez l'enfant
	Berthoud-Papandropoulou, Ioanna
	In: Internationales Interdisziplinäres Kolloquium Sprache und Denken, Variation und Invarianz in Linguistik und Nachbardisziplinen <1989, Lenzburg>. Internationales Interdisziplinäres Kolloquium "Sprache und Denken: Variation und Invarianz in Linguistik und Nachbardisziplinen" ; 1. - Köln : Inst. für Sprachwiss. (1990), 65-84
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2390	Sprachnorm und Sprachvarietäten im Spannungsfeld von Sprachgebrauch und Sprachbewusstsein
	Bandhauer, Wolfgang; Tanzmeister, Robert
	In: Sprachnorm und Sprachnormierung. - Wilhelmsfeld : Egert (1990), 117-138
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2391	'La radio qui sent l'ail' (Ein Radio, das nach Knoblauch riecht) : Untersuchungen zum Sprachbewusstsein und Sprachnormbewusstsein in suedwestfranzoesischen Lokalradios
	Schneider-Wickel, Ulrike
	In: Interkulturelle Kommunikation. - Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang (1990), 143-144
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2392	Sprachbewusstsein im Wandel
	Sarter, Heidemarie
	In: Frankreich, ein unverstandener Nachbar. - Bonn : Romanist. Verl. (1990), 197-223
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2393	Grundsätzliche Überlegungen zu einer literarischen Sprachgeschichte des Deutschen
	Sonderegger, Stefan
	In: Deutsche Sprachgeschichte. - Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang (1990), 31-49
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2394	Positionen des portugiesischen Sprachbewusstseins
	Hess, Rainer
	In: International Congress of Linguists <14, 1987, Berlin, Ost>. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Congress of Linguists ; 2. - Berlin : Akad.-Verl. (1990), 1380-1384
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2395	Children's language
	Conti-Ramsden, Gina (Hrsg.); Snow, Catherine E. (Hrsg.); Becker, Judith A. (Mitarb.)...
	In: Children's language. - Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum 7 (1990), I-XIII, 1-337
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2396	Effect of lexical specificity on phonological retention and its implications for language comprehension
	Jacennik, Barbara.. - : University of Alberta. Department of Linguistics., 1990
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2397	Relationships among metalinguistic awareness, cognitive development, verbal abilities and biliteracy in first grade early French immersion students
	Hoskyn, Maureen Janet. - : University of British Columbia, 1990
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2398	The representation of letter strings : psychological evidence and computational models
	Sturdy, Daniel P F. - : University of Stirling, 1990
	Abstract: Two ways of representing the spatial arrangement of letters in letter-strings are distinguished. In part-whole representations, the relationship of a letter to the letter-string as a whole is encoded. In part-part representations, the relationships of a letter to other letters in the string are encoded. Computational models of word perception typically use the former, but part-part representations are a very general feature of some neurocomputational models. Experiments ·are reported that examine for nonword and word wholes the representations used to encode their constituent parts; the first five experiments use measures of facilitation to infer encoding type, the next three primarily use error measures. Experiment 1 shows that when a part of a recently learned letter-string is maintained in a briefly-presented test string, the test string is more accurately reported, showing perceptual transfer of training. No significant difference in the amount of transfer is found between maintaining the part in the same position (fixed-part) in the string and maintaining the part in a different position (moved-part) in the string. It is argued that this confirms part-part theories because transfer was obtained when only inter-letter relationships are maintained. Experiment 1 simulated on two implementations of part-whole theories shows that they fail to produce the obtained pattern of performance. This indicates that part-whole relational encoding is not a major part of the representations mediating these transfer effects. Experiment 2 replicates the fixed-part transfer and shows that it is restricted to parts made of adjacent letters. Experiments 3 and 4 use a prototype-extraction paradigm to show that novel parts made of adjacent letters are easier to learn than parts made of non-adjacent letters. Experiment 5 eplicates the moved-part transfer and shows that it is restricted to parts made of adjacent letters. These results show that the major inter-letter relationships encoded are between neighbouring letters. These first five results are taken as showing that pre-processing of the image to provide position-in-the-string information is not important for the representations that produce transfer. It is suggested that modelling the input to the graphemic input lexicon as the Primal Sketch of the image is more appropriate. In particular, realistic early vision algorithms such as MIRAGE appear to be potentially capable of modelling the results obtained. Experiment 6 shows that reports of letters in nonwords have gradients of positional accuracy, with most positional errors occurring close to the correct position. Experiment 7 finds that migrations into the report of the second of two briefly-presented nonwords from the first nonword do not always maintain position though many do. Experiment 8 involved the presentation of mis-spelled words preceded by non words that either encouraged the detection of the mis-spelling or its lexicalisation. Lexicalisation responses involve the migration of a letter from the preceding string. These occur when primed by the lexicalisation letter in the same, but not in moved, positions in the first string, but only when presented in the context of neighbouring letters. Detection of mis-spelling shows both facilitation and inhibition. Facilitation is obtained with the part in moved positions in the source string but not in the same position, in which case inhibition is found. Facilitation is also obtained by prior presentation of the misspelled word or prior presentation of the correctly spelled word. These results are interpreted as showing that facilitation is obtained when the facilitating part of the preceding string either fully or minimally activates a representation of the word mis-spelled on second presentation. Partial activation of the word produces inhibition. The results suggest that part-whole encoding is used for letters in familiar wholes, while part-part encoding is used for letters in unfamiliar wholes. This conclusion is used to motivate a model of the organisation and access of graphemic representations in which the ~ "» -. concept of scale plays an important role. The model is extended to other tasks involving visually presented words and nonwords and a brief account of the major findings attempted. Finally some extensions of the model to the domain of object perception are outlined.
	Keyword: Language awareness; Psycholinguistics
	URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/26663 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/26663/1/sturdy-thesis.pdf
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2399	Linguistic awareness and second language learning
	Masny, Diana
	In: Review of applied linguistics. - Leuven : Department of Linguistics (1989) 85-86, 85-104
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2400	Children's control over attention to phonological and semantic properties of words
	Bialystok, Ellen; Niccols, Alison
	In: Journal of psycholinguistic research. - New York, NY ; London [u.a.] : Springer 18 (1989) 4, 369-387
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