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Behavioral and brain evidence for language by ear, mouth, eye, and hand and motor skills in literacy learning
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Movement Issues Identified in Movement ABC2 Checklist Parent Ratings for Students with Persisting Dysgraphia, Dyslexia, and OWL LD and Typical Literacy Learners
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3
Self-government of complex reading and writing brains informed by cingulo-opercular network for adaptive control and working memory components for language learning
Abstract: To understand mental self-government of the developing reading and writing brain, correlations of clustering coefficients on fMRI reading or writing tasks with BASC 2 Adaptivity ratings (time 1 only) or working memory components (time 1 before and time 2 after instruction previously shown to improve achievement and change magnitude of fMRI connectivity) were investigated in 39 students in grades 4 to 9 who varied along a continuum of reading and writing skills. A Philips 3T scanner measured connectivity during six leveled fMRI reading tasks (subword—letters and sounds, word—word-specific spellings or affixed words, syntax comprehension—with and without homonym foils or with and without affix foils, and text comprehension) and three fMRI writing tasks—writing next letter in alphabet, adding missing letter in word spelling, and planning for composing. The Brain Connectivity Toolbox generated clustering coefficients based on the cingulo-opercular (CO) network; after controlling for multiple comparisons and movement, significant fMRI connectivity clustering coefficients for CO were identified in 8 brain regions bilaterally (cingulate gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, insula, cingulum—cingulate gyrus, and cingulum—hippocampus). BASC2 Parent Ratings for Adaptivity were correlated with CO clustering coefficients on three reading tasks (letter-sound, word affix judgments and sentence comprehension) and one writing task (writing next letter in alphabet). Before instruction, each behavioral working memory measure (phonology, orthography, morphology, and syntax coding, phonological and orthographic loops for integrating internal language and output codes, and supervisory focused and switching attention) correlated significantly with at least one CO clustering coefficient. After instruction, the patterning of correlations changed with new correlations emerging. Results show that the reading and writing brain’s mental government, supported by both CO Adaptive Control and multiple working memory components, had changed in response to instruction during middle childhood/early adolescence.
Keyword: Article
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5863741/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29576874
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4
Sequential Prediction of Literacy Achievement for Specific Learning Disabilities Contrasting in Impaired Levels of Language in Grades 4 to 9
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5
Brain and Behavioral Assessment of Executive Functions for Self-Regulating Levels of Language in Reading Brain
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6
Effective Beginning Handwriting Instruction: Multi-modal, Consistent Format for 2 Years, and Linked to Spelling and Composing
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7
Relationships between Presence or Absence of ADHD and fMRI Connectivity Writing Tasks in Children with Dysgraphia
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8
Modes of Alphabet Letter Production during Middle Childhood and Adolescence: Interrelationships with Each Other and Other Writing Skills
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9
Predicting Levels of Reading and Writing Achievement in Typically Developing, English-Speaking 2nd and 5th Graders
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10
Levels of Phonology Related to Reading and Writing in Middle Childhood
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11
Teaching children with dyslexia to spell in a reading-writers’ workshop
In: Annals of dyslexia. - New York, NY : Springer 63 (2013) 1, 1-24
OLC Linguistik
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12
Differences between Children with Dyslexia Who Are and Are Not Gifted in Verbal Reasoning
BASE
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13
Predicting poor, average, and superior spellers in grades 1 to 6 from phonological, orthographic, and morphological, spelling, or reading composites
In: Written language and literacy. - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Benjamins 13 (2010) 1, 61-98
BLLDB
OLC Linguistik
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14
Growth in phonological, orthographic, and morphological awareness in grades 1 to 6
In: Journal of psycholinguistic research. - New York, NY ; London [u.a.] : Springer 39 (2010) 2, 141-163
BLLDB
OLC Linguistik
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15
Listening Comprehension, Oral Expression, Reading Comprehension, and Written Expression: Related Yet Unique Language Systems in Grades 1, 3, 5, and 7
BASE
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16
Further evidence for teacher knowledge: supporting struggling readers in grades three through five
In: Reading and writing. - New York, NY : Springer Science+Business Media 22 (2009) 4, 401-423
BLLDB
OLC Linguistik
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17
Children's morphological knowledge: links to literacy
In: Reading psychology. - Philadelphia, Pa. : Taylor & Francis 29 (2008) 4, 289-314
BLLDB
OLC Linguistik
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18
Tier 3 specialized writing instruction for students with dyslexia
In: Reading and writing. - New York, NY : Springer Science+Business Media 21 (2008) 1-2, 95-129
BLLDB
OLC Linguistik
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19
Writing Problems in Developmental Dyslexia: Under-Recognized and Under-Treated2,3
BASE
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20
Mixture growth models of RAN and RAS row by row: insight into the reading system at work over time
In: Reading and writing. - New York, NY : Springer Science+Business Media 20 (2007) 8, 785-813
BLLDB
OLC Linguistik
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